Quite an interesting continent to explore is South America. The relief, minerals, and especially of the continent, we will consider in this article.
A Feature of the terrain of South America is a clear division of the continent into two parts: East and center – a huge lowland areas, and on the North and West – the longest mountain system of the planet, the Andes (South American Cordillera). In the heart of the continent is South American platform. Here the alternating rises and depressions, which on the surface appear in the form of lowlands, plateaus and plains.
The Terrain and mineral resources of South America are quite diverse. For example, a mountain system of the Andes is located along the Pacific coast of the mainland. It takes about 9 000 km On the height of the mountains are second only to the Himalayas. More than 20 peaks have a height of more than 6 000 m in the Andes – pretty young mountains, they were formed during convergence of oceanic and continental lithospheric plates. Gone down the oceanic plate gave place to the mainland. The mountains are still “grow”. The proof of this is a seismically active area: the Western area of the continent quite frequent are earthquakes and volcanoes. The population of South American countries still remembers the horrific destruction from volcanic eruptions. Here also are the largest extinct volcanoes in the world: Llullaillaco, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, San Pedro. Their height exceeds 5 000 m.
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The Guiana highlands is located in the Central part of the continent. In the North-West it frames the Brazilian highlands, and the East – Patagonian. The topography of the Guiana and Brazilian highlands are presented in the form of empty ground and undulating forms, with predominant peaks at 1600-1750 m. In the regional boundaries of the landforms appear konusopodobnyh tops of sand ridges.
The Eastern edge of the Brazilian plateau is divided into single arrays. Is pronounced special forms peaks. On this plateau are distinguished monoclinic, accumulative and layered plains. Meet lava plateau. The most famous example of such a relief – the mountain pan di sugar loaf mountain, which is located in Rio de Janeiro.
Patagonian plateau arid plateau of volcanic origin. The topography and mineral resources of South America are characterized by moraine and glacial sediments. Also in the area of the convergence plateau and the foothills can be found cut deep canyons of the rivers. These streams originate in the mountains.
Amazonia – one of the largest low plains of the planet. A large part of the lowland is swampy, more than 5 000 sq. km.
The geological structure of the continent consists of two structural elements – South American platform and mountain system, which significantly affects the topography and mineral resources of South America. There are three ledge base: Guiana, Zapadnoevropeiskii, Vostochnobeisky shields. They formed metamorphosed and intensely deformed rocks of the Archean and lower Proterozoic, and Proterozoic granites. Amazonian lowland is composed at the end of the Precambrian. The most youngest part of the Foundation of the continent – the Patagonian plate. Stands out as a separate structural unit, which consists of two promotions: the North and South.
The Continent of South America-a continent that is extremely rich in different kinds of minerals. Their location depends on the nature of the terrain. The largest deposits of iron ore on the planet is concentrated in the local area. The basin of the river Orinoco (Venezuela area), Minas Gerais (state, Brazil) – the largest deposits where the ore minerals are mined in South America.
The Deflections of the mountain system of the Andes contain deposits of oil and gas. The largest deposits are in Venezuela. Compared to other stand out and deposits of brown and hard coal. A young weathering crusts were formed deposits of manganese and bauxite. The main part is concentrated in the countries of Guyana, Suriname. On the West coast of the continent developed almost inexhaustible reserves of nitrate (used for the production of nitrogen fertilizers). Bolivia has large reserves of tin.
But most of the minerals lies in the foothill and mountain areas of the Andes. In this region produce tungsten, lead, zinc, aluminum ore. States of South America is called “countries precious stones”, because there are deposits of precious metals - silver, gold and platinum and, of course, precious stones: emeralds, diamonds and others, which are used in the jewelry industry.
So, to sum up. After reviewing the information contained in the article, each student will be able to draw up a detailed report on the theme ‘Relief & minerals South America”.
...Article in other languages:
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/22818-ulgi-i-minera-y-ameryki-po-udniowej-nauka-kontynentu.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/22863-kabartma-ve-mineraller-g-ney-amerika-renme-k-ta.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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