Revival: what is the Renaissance and what are its implications?

History of Europe knows some of the pivotal events and phenomena that completely changed the picture of the world of its inhabitants. One of these milestones was the Revival. What is the Renaissance (these terms are equivalent)?

Key features of the Renaissance

The Revival called the era that succeeded the middle Ages. Starting from the XIV century in some regions (primarily in Italy) there has been a cultural growth. It resulted in the people's interest in their own history and Antiquity. This, in turn, led to the growth of scientific knowledge, the spread of humanism and interest in the human person.

One of the reasons for the beginning of these processes was the fall of Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire, which existed for a thousand years, fell under the attacks of the Muslim Turks. Many Greeks did not wish to betray the Christian faith and fled to Western Europe. Scientists took with them the ancient books, which were soon translated into Latin and national languages. All of this made the Revival. What is the Renaissance in Italy? It is also the emergence of new social classes, which were independent of the old feudal relations in monarchies.

A Large number of Italian republics gave rise to bankers, scientists and other people of a new type. Among them arose humanism-the interest in human nature and personality. First it was a small school of philosophers.

However, they have become the new centers of scientific research and art. In Italy began the development of book printing and new types of art. An important phenomenon was that education began to give money to the local magnates, and powerful families with large capital.

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The Centres of the Renaissance were Florence and Rome. Pope Julius II had done much to “eternal city” has worked the greatest creators of the era. Without his entrepreneurial spirit it's hard to imagine a Revival. What is meant increased attention of the Church to painters and sculptors? This suggests that they could work, with the support of the most powerful men in Italy. Among them were such masters as Michelangelo and Raphael. Renaissance artists created the great paintings and frescoes on biblical subjects. Their works still adorn the numerous churches and museums throughout Europe.

Leonardo da Vinci

The World of the Renaissance culture would be incomplete without Leonardo da Vinci. His stunning expressive paintings captivated contemporaries and continues to amaze the people of the XXI century. In addition, it is known as the inventor. His ideas for many years ahead of Revival. What is a man? How it works and where his place? All these questions were asked by the great Italian.

The artists of the Renaissance were never able to surpass his “Mona Lisa". This picture is the universal symbol of the sense of beauty and makeovers.

The Renaissance in other European countries

The Later Renaissance in historiography called the second half of the XVI century. At this time art and culture has moved to a new stage not only in Italy but also in many other European countries. The centers of the Renaissance were Germany, the Netherlands and England.

The British are most proud of their famous compatriot of the Renaissance – William Shakespeare. Without it, the literature of the Renaissance would have been incomplete. His Comedy and tragedy have become timeless classics of the theatre.

The reformation

The Christian theologian Martin Luther is considered one of the most important figures of the Renaissance. The German was dissatisfied with the Catholic Church. His lecture, denouncing the corrupt priests and the evils of religion, gathered audiences of thousands.

Especially Luther fiercely criticized the new rules, according to which Christians could buy for the money of indulgences (absolution from sins). Idea famous preacher resulted in the 95 theses. October 31, 1517 Martin hung them on the doors of the Church in the German city of Wittenberg. This famous episode later became a symbol of the beginning of the reformation.

The So-called process of restructuring of the Catholic Church. German Christians began to criticize Rome for his stagnancy and conservatism. This led to many religious conflicts. The apotheosis of the confrontation between Catholics and Protestants became the Thirty years war 1618-1648

The Fight against dependence on the Church has led to the fact that European society became secular. Some time the Protestants were in a very difficult position. Many of them in the XVII century went to North America, where they managed to create a truly new society.