Electrostatic machine - principle of operation. How to make an electrostatic machine with their hands

Electrostatic machine operates as a continuous source of electrical energy. This device is often used as an auxiliary for demonstrations of various electrical phenomena and effects. But what is its design and features?

A Little history of the invention

Electrostatic machine is designed in a distant one thousand eight hundred and sixty-fifth year August Talera, German physicist. Curiously, quite independently, another scientist-experimentalist Wilhelm Goltz invented a similar design, but even more perfect, because his apparatus allowed to obtain large values of the differences of potentials and could serve as a constant current source. Besides galevska the car was much more simple in design. At the end of nineteenth-century British experimenter in the field of electricity and mechanics James Wimshurst improved unit. And today it was his version (albeit slightly more modern) is used for demonstrations of electrodynamic experiments due to the ability to create a huge potential difference between the collectors. Electrostatic machine has been improved already in the forties of the twentieth century a scientist by the name of Ioffe, who developed a new type of electrostatic generators to implement power x-ray machines. Although the car Wimshurst now not used for the immediate task of extraction of electrical energy, it is a historical exhibit that illustrates the history of the development of engineering and scientific and technical progress.

The Design of electrostatic machines

This device consists of two discs, which rotate towards each other. The work of the electrostatic machine is in the exercise of such double mutual rotation. The disks are stacked dielectric insulated from each other segments. Using the plates of both disks are formed capacitors. Therefore, electrostatic machine is sometimes called a condenser. The disks are stacked converters which dissipate charges from the opposite elements of the disks to the ground with brushes. Collectors are left and right. That they do the removed combs from the rear and front drives of the generated signals.

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What banks Leiden?

In many cases, the charges accumulated on the capacitors. They are called banks of Leiden. After that, you may be playing a much stronger discharges and sparks. The inner plates of each capacitor are connected with the conductors individually. Brushes that touch the sectors of the disks, combined with the inner lining of cans of Leiden. The whole structure today is mounted on plastic stands. Along with lagunovskiy banks of the machine are fixed on a wooden stand. Given the visibility of the structure, electrostatic machine with your own hands can be done quite simply. Even a person who has no special technical education, it can collect and exploit for his pleasure.

What is the work of the electrostatic machine?

Using mutual efforts of both discs – this principle is basic in this device. The effect of potential differences, and then discharges and sparks is achieved by proper location of the sectors. Of course, there are development using and blank discs, but such efficiency they are. Such designs are often used in small educational institutions. The distance between the disks of such a device, like the electrostatic machine, plays a critical role and has a significant impact on achieving a desired voltage on the capacitors.

How does it work?

Electrostatic machine since its invention (and this is the beginning of the eighteenth century) has undergone many changes. But the basic idea remained. The basis of the machine design are the drives with pasted plates (metal strips). With a certain mechanical force via a belt transmission, they can be rotated in different directions, opposite to each other. On the surface of one disk there is a positive charge. It will attract a different charge (negative). The positive will go through the guide with brushes (Converter), relating to the opposite electrode. Turning disks, receive charges similar to the original. But they will affect other plates. Given the fact that the disks rotate in opposite directions, the charges are flocking to the collectors. Such a demonstration apparatus, like the electrostatic machine, the working principle is based on this moment. On the brushes of both discs, which do not relate to their surface and are located on the edges, the charges at some point grow so large that the airspace there is a breakdown, and slips electric spark. That is why the collectors, you can attach additional capacitors of different capacities that will add more beauty to the effect of discharge.