The measles virus. Signs, symptoms and consequences of disease

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2018-03-24 06:28:22

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More recently, doctors started to think that soon will be able to defeat measles-a virus that, having absolute susceptibility, many hundreds of years caused the epidemic was the main cause of death of young children. The world health organization have been able to reduce mortality from this disease in twenty times planned by 2020 to completely eliminate the risks of contagion in several subject areas.

measles virus

But humanity is not looking for easy ways. Epidemic fashion among young mothers to refuse to vaccinate, the propaganda the imaginary dangers of this procedure and just irresponsible attitude of young parents to protect their children, lack of funds for free vaccination, governments of many countries - all this threatens the health and lives of kids and adults around the world.

What is measles

The disease was known in ancient times. Already in the ninth century have compiled a detailed clinical description of the disease. But until the 20th century that causes measles virus or bacteria, nobody knew. D. Goldberger and A. Anderson in 1911 were able to prove that the disease is caused by a virus, and in 1954, T. D. Peebles and Enders have identified RNA virus that has a special shape of a sphere the size of 120230 nm and belongs to the family of paramyxoviruses.

How do you get

The measles Virus has an almost 100% infectivity. People do not have immunity to the disease (which was not vaccinated and had not previously suffered from) has virtually no chance not to get infected in case of contact with the patient.

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measles virus

Infection from a sick person via the environment is passed around. Cases since the last days of the incubation period (two days before the rash started) and the next four days emit during breathing, coughing, sneezing (airborne droplets) of the measles virus. Then through the cells of the mucosa of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract it enters the bloodstream and affects lymph nodes, blood capillaries (white blood cells). The rash appears as a result of death of cells in capillaries. Further develops the syndrome of secondary immunodeficiency, also often there are bacterial complications.

the measles virus Microbiology

It Should be noted that the causative agent of measles virus cannot survive in open air, objects and clothes. Although there are reported cases of contamination through the ventilation system. He dies at room temperature after an average of two hours and thirty minutes of completely losing the ability to infect. Instantly, the virus dies upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures. Therefore, during an outbreak is not necessary to conduct disinfection of premises.

Who can get sick and when

The majority of victims of measles become little children in age from two to five years. Also increasingly recorded cases of the disease in adolescents 15-17 years.

Adults infected with measles is much less common. But most likely, this is due to the fact that in the adult age most likely to already have immunity from vaccination or from previous illness.

the level of igg antibodies to measles virus

Re getting the measles is impossible. Cases can be regarded as incorrect diagnosis of the first disease or a serious breach in the immune system of the person.

Russia has the largest number of cases occurs in spring and winter, from late November to may, with a frequency of every two to four years.

Can I get a baby

Newborns in the first three months of life have a lasting immunity derived from the mother, if she had been ill informed. Immunity in babies whose mothers were not sick and were not vaccinated, and they can get sick. It is also possible infection of the baby at birth during the mother's illness.

Incubation period

Like most diseases, has an incubation period in the body and measles. The virus does not manifest itself outwardly within 7-17 days. At this time, beginning from the 3rd day of the incubation period, only through detailed analysis can be found in the spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes typical large multinucleated cells. Outwardly manifested symptoms only after propagation of the virus in the lymph nodes and getting it to the blood.

Measles symptoms

  • A sharp rise in temperature to 38-40,5 degrees;
  • Dry cough;
  • Photophobia;
  • Headache;
  • Siplast or crackling voice;
  • Disturbances of consciousness, delirium;
  • Disruption of the intestine;
  • Swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract;
  • The symptoms of conjunctivitis: swelling of the eyelids, redness around eyes;
  • The appearance of red spots in the mouth – in the sky, inside of the cheeks;
  • On the second day of the disease on the mucous membranes of the mouth appear small white spots;
  • The rash appears on the fourth or fifth day, characteristic is its appearance on the face and neck, behind the ears, then on the body and at the joints of the hands, feet, fingers, palms and feet.

measles symptoms

Measles rash – this is a special papules, surrounded by slick and have a tendency to merge (this is what distinguishes it from measles in which the rash does not have the properties to merge). After the fourth day of the rash, when the virus is defeated, the rash gradually fading away: darkpigmentada, starts to peel off. Hyperpigmentation areas with the rash will stay for another 1-2 weeks.

Measles in children

One of the most common and most dangerous diseases of childhood – measles. The virus most commonly affects children of preschool and younger school age.

Before Russia started the production of vaccines and has begun a free program of prevention of this virus and its complications have killed on average every fourth child. Today, vaccinations are all relatively healthy children one year and in six years (according to the national vaccination calendar). If the child is not vaccinated, the risk to get sick when meeting with a carrier of infection reach one hundred percent. Vaccinated children are either not sick, or carry the disease very easily.

The Incubation period, the infected child may vary but is on average 10 to 15 days. At this time, no symptoms of no, but two days before manifestation of the clinical picture of the child will be infectious to others.

Most children suffering hard. First, there are the usual signs of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI):

  • Temperature 38-40 degrees;
  • Strong dry cough;
  • Runny nose;
  • Weakness;
  • Lack of appetite;
  • A bad dream.

On the 3-5 day of the disease rash begins to appear – pink, merging with each other spot. In children, it occurs quickly and spreads throughout the body. During the appearance of the rash the temperature after a seemingly apparent improvement may again begin to rise.

In children from two to five years measles is especially dangerous. In a still feeble body of a child slowly cope with the virus and joined bacterial infection often there are complications:

  • Ear infections;
  • Bronchial pneumonia;
  • Blind;
  • Encephalitis;
  • Strong inflammation of lymph nodes;
  • Croup.

Because of these complications so it is important to show the child the doctor and control the disease. Complications often begin to appear after a while after the child has gone on the amendment.

Measles in adults

Measles in adults-a rare condition. But if you already have contracted, the problems can not avoid it. Adults after 20 years suffer hard and long. Acute phase of the disease can last up to two weeks. Most often, the disease causes a variety of complications and a high likelihood of bacterial infection.

Complication.

  • Bacterial pneumonia;
  • Measles pneumonia;
  • Otitis media;
  • Tracheobronchitis;
  • Disruption of the Central nervous system;
  • Laryngitis;
  • Croup (laryngeal stenosis);
  • Hepatitis;
  • Lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph nodes);
  • Inflammation of the meninges-meningoencephalitis (40% of cases of the disease which ends in death).

measles virus or bacteria

Thus, we understand that the measles virus which, as is commonly believed, is dangerous only for children, can cause serious illness in adults and even lead to disability or death.

Measles in pregnant women

You can guess that the illness causes so many problems, can not easily leak in a pregnant woman. But the biggest experiences, the expectant mother cause possible problems to the baby. And not in vain.

Measles is the more dangerous to the fetus, the less the pregnancy. In the first trimester in cases of women with a probability of up to 20 % will lead to a spontaneous miscarriage, or, even worse, the disease will lead to serious malformations of the fetus (mental retardation, lesions of the nervous system, etc.). Unfortunately, to detect these defects at an early ultrasound of the fetus and even if the first screening is simply impossible, and women often offer to have an abortion.

If a pregnant woman fell ill after the sixteenth week, the forecast is much more encouraging. At this period the placenta is already Mature enough to fully protect the fruit from disease of the mother, so the likelihood of problems in the unborn child are quite low.

The Danger comes again, if the mother fell ill before the birth. Not only that, to childbirth she just will not be enough power because of the virus, and the risks to infect the baby during passage through the birth canal are very large. Of course, the doctors today have the means to save the baby's life: intensive care and antibiotics. And most likely, the child will be able to cure. But why take the risk if there is a way to protect yourself and your baby in advance? To be tested for antibodies to the measles virus should every woman before the pregnancy planning. Because if now to take care of your health and the time to get vaccinated, the chance of getting sick during pregnancy will not be simple.

Diagnostic Methods

Most Often the diagnosis is based on clinical data after the appearance of typical measles rash. But laboratory it is possible to diagnose early (or confirm it), defining where the measles virus. Microbiology allows you to select from the blood, the mucus of the mouth and nose, urine cells of the virus in the first days of illness (before the rash appears), and even at the end of the incubation period. Under a special microscope, you can see a distinctive glow, with inclusions, giant cells of oval shape.

Additionally, the patient can appoint:

  • Urinalysis and blood to prevent bacterial infection and developmentcomplications;
  • Specific blood test for detection of antibodies (serological analysis for IgG to measles virus);
  • Chest x-ray or chest x-rays for suspected measles develop pneumonia.

But in most cases diagnosis of the disease does not cause the doctor of difficulty and is made without the appointment of additional tests.

How to determine the level of IgG antibodies to measles virus

After contact with patients with measles, everyone starts to wonder whether he is vaccinated or sick as a child. But if overlooked, missed and are not vaccinated on time own child? How does it know? Also there is a risk that the vaccine had been stored incorrectly, and then so gentle the virus could have died before have been introduced into the body.

Now, each laboratory can perform the analysis on antibodies to measles virus (IgG). This method allows one hundred percent sure whether the person immune to the disease.

Treatment

Specific treatment for the measles virus there. As with all viral infections, the doctor will conduct a symptomatic treatment relieves and prevents the risks of complications. Usually prescribed:

  • Drugs that reduce the temperature and relieves malaise, pain, fever ("Ibuprofen", "Paracetamol");
  • Sprays against inflammation and gargling chamomile, "Chlorhexidine";
  • Mucolytics and expectorants from dry cough;
  • To relieve the symptoms of rhinitis and reduce the risk of developing otitis media – vasoconstrictor nose drops (up to 5 days) and lavage with saline solution;
  • To relieve irritation and itching from the rash is prescribed rinsing "Galaxina";
  • For the treatment of conjunctivitis – "Sulfacetamide" and "Chloramphenicol";
  • To reduce the risk of blindness for patients is recommended during the whole period of the disease to take vitamin And;
  • In the case of pneumonia prescribe antibiotics.

Attention! In the treatment of measles in any case, you cannot use "Aspirin", especially in the treatment of children up to 16 years. This can lead to the development of Reye's syndrome - hepatic encephalopathy.

Prevention

At the age of one year for all children is carried out free vaccination against the three most dangerous childhood infections (measles, rubella, mumps). Revaccination against these diseases is carried out in the age of 5-6 years, before school. Doctors say that the vaccine is well tolerated by children, the more that do it only for healthy children, so the risks of getting adverse reactions is minimal.

antibodies to measles virus igg

Everyone can easily make sure that the vaccine worked. To do this, after some time after the injection to pass a special analysis. Antibodies to measles virus are present in the case, if you have developed immunity after vaccination.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/health/1103-the-measles-virus-signs-symptoms-and-consequences-of-disease.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/zdaro-e/1884-adzer-v-rus-prykmety-s-mptomy-nastupstvy-zahvorvannya.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gesundheit/1881-masern-virus-anzeichen-symptome-und-auswirkungen-der-krankheit.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-salud/1886-sarampi-n-el-virus-signos-s-ntomas-y-efectos-de-la-enfermedad.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/health/1103-the-measles-virus-signs-symptoms-and-consequences-of-disease.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/health/1102-the-measles-virus-signs-symptoms-and-consequences-of-disease.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/densauly/1884-yzylsha-virusy-belg-ler-simptomdary-zh-ne-aurudy-saldary.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/zdrowie/1887-odra-wirus-objawy-objawy-i-skutki-choroby.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/sa-de/1884-o-sarampo-v-rus-os-sinais-os-sintomas-e-efeitos-da-doen-a.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/sa-l-k/1890-k-zam-k-vir-s-aretler-belirtiler-ve-etkileri-bir-hastal-k.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/zdorov-ya/1886-k-r-v-rus-oznaki-simptomi-ta-nasl-dki-zahvoryuvannya.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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