Obesity in children: extent, causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention

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2018-03-26 21:30:25

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Today the issue of obesity in children was most acute. Even a few decades ago this issue did not exist, and now many parents clutching his head, seeking treatment for his child. The disease develops in early childhood, when there are the chubby legs and arms. Of course, we're not talking about the fat kids, because with age, many lose weight, and the weight comes back to normal. Here we are talking about what parents can catch the moment when large cheeks turn into a serious problem. Why children become overweight and how to fight it? The answers to these questions you will find in our material.

Main reasons

Many doctors very concerned about this pathology. After all, this is a negative trend that, if ignored, can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, in recent years this problem has devoted a lot of research.

Thus, the causes of obesity in children include:

  1. Incorrect diet. Of course, this is the most common basis for the emergence of the disease. The kid consumes more calories than it requires. Accordingly, he is gaining weight, and this process is difficult to stop. Need to revise the rules of child nutrition, eliminate fast food, cakes and sweets.
  2. Heredity. Obesity in children occurs because of the additional weight from the older generation. According to the results of numerous studies, if one parent is the holder of the excess weight, the probability of the same diagnosis in a child is 40%. If there's a problem at mom and dad, the risk increases to 80%.
  3. Sedentary lifestyle. Modern life is full of opportunities of computer nature. Obesity in children and adolescents occurs due to the lack of physical activity. Online games have replaced street entertainment like football and volleyball. Compounding the situation, the negative example of parents who are resting in front of the TV lying on the sofa.
  4. Hormones. Disruption of the endocrine glands lead to obesity. There are several diseases that provoke the appearance of excess weight. These include diseases of the adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, etc.
  5. The Syndrome Itsenko - Kushinga. In this disease there is an increased level of hormones responsible for insulin production. As a result, the baby is found increased fat deposition, coupled with little growth.
obesity in children

Characteristics

The Main symptom is the appearance. In children, there is an increased layer of subcutaneous fat and fat deposits in hips, back, sternum, etc. you can Also select other characteristic signs of obesity in children and adolescents:

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  • Increased level of sweating, shortness of breath during physical activity;
  • Increased blood pressure, decreased performance;
  • Significant distortion figures, the deposition of fat in various parts of the body;
  • Headache or dizziness;
  • Pain in the muscles and joints.

Symptoms directly depend on the type of disease, we will talk about them a little later. Because of change the appearance of the child often depressed, have a reduced self-esteem. Therefore, in addition to medical treatment your baby will need psychological help.

Obesity Classification in children

If the parents to notice changes in the external environment of their child, the problem will be easy to handle. To make it easier, specialists of the studies came up with a certain classification of obesity:

  • Primary (nutritional, exogenous-constitutional).
  • Secondary (for example, endocrine).

There are four degrees of obesity in children:

  1. Baby's Weight exceeds the normal rate by 15-25%. Outwardly, not much change happens, the child seems a little plump. In most cases, parents do not see the problem at this stage, thinking that a good appetite is the key to good health.
  2. Here is the body weight exceeds the norm by correspond 26-50%. The child having the first problem, it would be hard to climb the stairs, and shortness of breath. There is increased sweating, signs of depression, swollen upper and lower limbs.
  3. Exceeded a normal weight for 51-100%. In this situation, the baby feels pain in the joints, blood pressure increased. Worst of all, developing diabetes, and is an incurable disease. In addition, obesity in children, especially in the third degree, causes a lot of ridicule of their peers. This leads to psychological and emotional breakdowns.
  4. The child's Weight exceeds the norm by more than two times. As you know, it's a lingering form of the disease, which is difficult to treat.

The danger of the disease for a child

Overweight is not only a problem of an aesthetic nature. In addition to bullying of peers, the disease can lead to other consequences. In particular we are talking about diseases specific to adults. So what are the risks of obesity to a child?

the fourth degree of obesity

If you ignore the symptoms or to reach such a stage that treatment would be futile, you can purchase a lot of diseases. Often developing diabetes, liver degeneration, ischemia of the heart,hypertension, etc in Addition, it reduces the human lifespan, as the body weakens from year to year. Particularly affected the gastrointestinal tract of the baby. Therefore, obese children often diagnose diseases such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis and fatty hepatosis. May affect the heart, as was the occurrence of atherosclerosis and angina.

But the most serious burden falls on the skeleton, joints, and cartilage. Every minute they have to withstand excess weight. Under the weight of inevitable organ deformation, which leads to a change of proportions and severe pain.

Problems of psychology

Childhood Obesity – a great excuse the rest of the guys laughing. It's not their fault, because they don't understand the seriousness of the situation. Is to blame just parents. After this, they just did not notice changes in the child. Adolescents with obesity is incredibly difficult to have in communicating with their peers. It is difficult to establish contact with other students, adapt to the social environment. Plus the kids are overweight often have problems with sleep.

Children in your brutal ignorance, and so they can make appear different child an outcast. Unfortunately, childhood trauma leaves an imprint for life. Therefore, this situation calls into question the future life and the institution of the family. In the case of girls, if she will give up and will not fight the disease, it is unlikely the birth of a child.

diagnosis of obesity

Parents need to monitor not only a good appetite, but also for good health of Chad. If you are already faced with this problem, you must follow all the recommendations for the treatment of obesity in children from a physician.

Diagnostics

Early detection of the disease will stop the development of pathology in connection with use of effective therapy. The first diagnosis is carried out the parents, evaluating the appearance of the baby. If mom and dad thought the child is overweight, you should immediately consult a doctor. The question arises: to what doctor to child? First, in any case you should visit the pediatrician. In the future, if necessary he will send you the study to other professionals.

The Diagnosis of obesity in children is made on the basis of the results of the following procedures:

  • Medical history, in other words, the doctor conducts in-depth interview to ascertain dietary habits, physical activity, etc.;
  • Anthropometry - here the doctor records the growth and body mass, waist circumference, hips and other relevant data;
  • The method of bioelectrical impedance is the measurement of skinfold thickness in comparison with the fatty tissue.

To completely understand the causes of disease, the pediatrician sends the child to a neurologist, endocrinologist, dietitian, cardiologist, psychologist, etc. of Course, this does not happen in all cases, and only when necessary. If you need to confirm the diagnosis, there are also other medical events: biochemical and General blood analysis, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, magnetic resonance therapy of the pituitary.

How to get rid of excess weight?

Depending on the degree of obesity and the reasons that led to this state appointed therapy. The main task – to eliminate Foundation problems. In any case, the most effective option is a comprehensive treatment that includes:

  • Proper nutrition
  • Normalization of physical activity;
  • Drug treatment.
the choice between an Apple and sweet

The Period of full recovery is quite long, so the problem should be taken seriously. Each step must be confirmed with your doctor and follow his recommendations. So, consider therapies read more.

Diet and exercise

Without proper nutrition and exercise it is impossible to deal with the problem. These methods are aimed not only at reducing weight, but also on prevention of further recurrence. If a child has had the disease in the first degree, he will be discharged proper diet, which can reduce the body weight. Other events in this case are not assigned.

Diet for obese children is made by the endocrinologist. The specialist takes into account the smallest details of the body and assigns the most efficient mode of supply in each case. Rapid weight loss is unacceptable, it will only aggravate the situation. Therefore, the endocrinologist examines the body's need for protein, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins, and only then is the diet.

Usually specifically excludes all types of animal fat, pasta, sweets, biscuits, semolina etc. it is advisable to consume lean meats, low-fat cheese and yogurt. The only special bread made from flour, such as "Borodino". The main component of the diet-vegetables and fruits.

insufficient physical activity

With regard to exercise therapy for obesity in children, the complex should include swimming, aerobics, athletics and outdoor games in the open air. So it was easy child to teach the sport, parents need to set the example and encourage the kid forachievements. You need to start small: a daily walk with the baby at least half an hour. At least it will improve the health of the child and prevent the development of complications.

Psychological

It is Difficult to overestimate the importance of psychology, namely, the atmosphere in the family. The child will need ongoing support, which can give only the closest people. You need to convey the idea that one should not focus on excess weight, it is necessary to live.

As already noted, these children become objects of ridicule in the street. In severe situations the guys get used to the role of a clown and can't get out of it. Then save only the assistance of a qualified psychologist. Much in the treatment of obesity in children depends on the involvement of parents. Recommendations for them:

  • Communicate more with the baby, give him the necessary support;
  • Show an example, give up the bad foods and follow the diet with the child;
  • Organize a sports corner, by example can instill a love of physical culture;
  • More encourage and praise the baby, talk about its uniqueness and uniqueness, celebrate even the smallest achievements;
  • Correctly pick up clothes for the child. As a material perfectly suited to flax, because it visually hides curvy shape. This is necessary for Troubleshooting systems.

Drug therapy

This method is assigned very rarely, because its effectiveness is questionable. The essence of drug treatment is to reduce the level of appetite. In other words, the doctor prescribes medicine, after drinking which the child will not want to eat for some time.

child eating a donut

The majority of medicines, is theoretically able to cope with the problem, prohibited the admission of children under 16 years. To this method of therapy was used only in the third stage of obesity. Then the doctor may prescribe any of the following:

  • "Orlistat". A drug that inhibits gastrointestinal lipases.
  • "Metformin". If obesity has led to diabetes, this medicine may help.
  • "Phentermine". Stimulant, suppresses appetite.

Massage

At the time of diagnosis, doctors measure the size of adipose tissue. This is done in order to understand how much fat. If the problem lies in the violation of metabolism, one of the most effective tools is massage. With it, you can do the following:

  • Improve metabolism;
  • Reduce fat deposits in certain areas;
  • To improve the overall condition of the musculoskeletal system;
  • To normalize muscle tone;
  • Increase the health and elasticity of muscles.

Some children suffer from heart problems, in this case, be very careful to hold the event. Only a trained professional can do a massage of this nature.

Surgery

This method we will not discuss in detail, as it is practically not applied to persons younger than 18 years. This is not necessary if the patient's condition more or less normal. To surgery (e.g. gastric band or gastric bypass) is resorted to only in case of serious life indications. For example, there is a high probability of a lethal outcome if not to perform the surgery. Often a radical method is used in relation to children who have diagnosed the fourth degree of obesity.

Prevention

Preventive Measures need to from infants. An overfed child will develop faster. But disturbed metabolism is very difficult to recover. In fact, the prevention of obesity in children is similar to treatment of this disease. In other words, it includes two main points: physical activity and proper nutrition.

peers laugh because of obesity

From early childhood accustom your baby to healthy food, avoid convenience foods, chips and soda. It is recommended to feed the baby four times a day, preferably at the same time.

As for teenagers, they often make choices in favor of computer games. The task of parents is to interest the child sports should be encouraged for any achievements, even minor ones. Do not forget about psychological support. If your child is overweight, speaking as his friend. In this case, even a long treatment period goes unnoticed.

Childhood Obesity – a very serious problem. Unfortunately, the trend is negative, and every year more and more such cases. Parents should carefully monitor the child's diet, to motivate you to physical exercises. It is best to submit an example of your own, then the baby will be easier to adapt. To solve the problem globally, you need to deal with it in every family.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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