How to check the small intestine? Methods of diagnosing. Preparing for colonoscopy

The human Digestive tract begins at the mouth and ends with the rectum. That is, it runs through the whole body. If you measure its length, it will be more than 3 meters. One of the components of the digestive tract is the small intestine. It takes the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Disruption of the small intestine leads to disruption of these functions. The result is enteritis-a disease which is manifested by changes in the character of stools (diarrhea, constipation) and pain in the abdomen. How to check the small intestine for the presence of pathology? Diagnosis of diseases of the parts of the digestive tract is carried out in various ways. Among them – endoscopic, radiological and laboratory tests.

Indications for diagnosis of small intestine

In some cases, check the small intestine? The study of this Department of the gastrointestinal tract carried out in the presence of symptoms of pathology. The most common diseases of the small intestine include inflammatory processes, benign and malignant neoplasms. There are the following indications for the diagnosis of diseases.

1. Acute and chronic enteritis. Is an inflammatory disease that can be caused by various pathogens. Among them – E. coli, entero - and rotavirus, Staphylococcus, etc.
2. Crohn's Disease. This pathology refers to a specific inflammatory processes. In Crohn's disease can affect all the digestive tract. Most often, there were destructive changes in the small intestine. It is believed that the disease has an autoimmune mechanism of development, as well as inherited.
3. Benign tumors of the small intestine. These include polyps, fibromas, lipomas, angiomas, etc.
4. Cancer pathology of the small intestine. Develop from undifferentiated cells. Causes of colon cancer is the presence of long-existing chronic inflammatory processes, benign tumors, eating disorders and stress.

The Reason for the diagnosis of serve symptoms such as persistent pain in the abdomen (umbilical region), anemia, violation of the chair.

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How to test small intestine: methods

Given the location of the small intestine, it can be argued that access to it is usually difficult. Therefore, the assessment of the condition of the body is carried out in 2 ways. The first (EGD) is the examination body through the mouth. So you can see the initial part of the small intestine. The second method of diagnosis – colonoscopy. In this case, the visualization is performed by inserting the endoscope through the anus. With colonoscopy it is possible to assess the condition of the distal small intestine.

In Addition to endoscopic techniques, there are other ways of diagnosis. How to inspect the small intestine without being given a colonoscopy and EGD? There are the following methods of research on:

1. Physical inspection. It is the first step in the diagnosis of diseases of the small intestine. Under physicalnum implied by inspection palpation and percussion of the abdomen.
2. Laboratory studies. Through the analyses, it is possible to find out whether there is inflammation, and cancer pathology. To laboratory methods for diagnosis include: oak, the study of feces, smear for Cytology.
3. Radiography of the abdomen with contrast. This method helps to identify changes in the intestinal walls, the shadows of tumors.
4. Biopsy and histological examination. Is performed for suspected cancer.

All of the above diagnostic procedures are of great importance in the detection of abnormalities of the small intestine. It is often necessary to perform several methods.

How to test small intestine: tests for diseases

After receiving complaints and the examination of the patient with suspected disease of the small intestine, diagnostic tests. First assign the study of General and biochemical blood tests. UAC allows to detect the presence of inflammation in the body. In addition, it is possible to know the nature of the causative agent (bacteria or viruses). In marked acceleration of ESR should be suspected cancer. Great importance for the diagnosis is the stool – coproscopy. It found undigested food remnants (muscle fibers, fiber, fatty acids).

Endoscopy of small intestine

How to test small intestine using endoscopic methods of research? For this purpose there are 2 diagnostic procedures. First – EGD. With the help of this survey are able to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract. These include the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Thanks EGD, it is possible to establish a diagnosis of duodenitis, duodenal ulcer, Crohn's disease. All these disease develop inflammation of the initial division of the small intestine. In addition, the endoscopic procedure helps to identify non - malignant and malignant processes within WPC.

Diagnosis of the small intestine often involves performing a colonoscopy. Such examination is appointed in violation of stool, pain in the abdomen. It can be used to visualize not only thin, but also the colon. It allows you to assess the condition of the walls and lumen of the organ. Thanks to the colonoscopy revealed inflammatory changes in the intestine, destructive processes, tumors. In addition, with this study it is possible to make a biopsy of the tissues of the body.

Preparing for the colonoscopy procedure

The Preparation for a colonoscopy is very important. To carry out quality examination, the intestines need to be completely clear of stool. Visualization may be compromised by the accumulation of gases in the lumen of the organ. Preparation for a colonoscopy includes the following steps:

1. Diet for 2-3 days before the test. It is necessary to exclude from the diet products, causing increased flatulence. These include some vegetables (cabbage, beets), apples, white bread and other flour products, milk porridge.
2. Bowel Cleansing. This can be done with the help of medications. Medication for colon cleanse is a laxative “Fortrans”. The medication comes in powder form and is diluted in 3 liters of water. The resulting solution should be consumed before the study, and in the morning (before the procedure).

Also clean the bowel using enemas. However, one procedure is not enough. It is recommended to do a cleansing enema 3-4 times.

Diagnostics of oncological pathologies of the small intestine

How to check the small intestine for cancer and to distinguish benign tumor from cancer? To suspect the tumor can the patient's complaints and the results of these diagnostic methods. However, an accurate diagnosis will be possible only after conducting special surveys. These include a biopsy, the analysis for Cytology and histology. To produce a collection of material for study by means of endoscopic methods of diagnosis – EGD (tumors of the duodenum) or colonoscopy. Cytological analysis allows to assess the condition of the cells that comprise the tumor. The degree of differentiation of the tumor tissue is established with histological examination.

How to suspect cancer of the small intestine?

Cancer processes in the small intestine are not considered widespread cancer pathologies. Therefore, to diagnose these diseases is sometimes difficult. Only under certain symptoms and after conducting some research it is possible to suspect cancer of the small intestine. Typical signs include: pain in the area of the umbilical ring, mesogastric. In addition, there may be a change in the shape and consistence of stool, constipation. Less commonly patients suffer nausea and vomiting (when the tumor in the proximal colon). In most cases, the cancer develops on the background of peptic ulcer of the duodenum, polyposis, pathology Krona.

How to test small intestine if you suspect a tumor? First and foremost, the patient needs to have blood and feces. In the stool can be detected “occult blood”. This symptom often indicates the cancer is thin or large intestine. When it detects blood in the stool colonoscopy is performed with biopsy tissue.

Public clinics, you can check the small intestine?

Where you can check the small intestine for the presence of pathology? Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract occurs in almost all medical institutions. The bulk of research is carried out on an outpatient basis. If you find a patient in the hospital diagnosis of diseases of the small intestine is performed in a hospital. To do a colonoscopy at any ...