What is hypovolemic shock?

The Shock is called the critical state, which sharply reduced perfusion of organs, that is, everything, especially the vital organs are in a state of oxygen starvation.

Among the reasons for this state the main are: traumatic lesions, burns, blood loss, infection, a sharp weakening functions of cardiac muscle, entry of allergen into the organism of a person who was previously sensitized.

Types of shock

Depending on the reasons, which develops this condition, there are several types:

1. hypovolemic shock;

2. traumatic or pain;

3. burn;

4. anaphylactic;

5. infectious-toxic;

6. cardiogenic;

7. the turnstile.

Hypovolemic shock

This type of critical condition develops most often. Therefore, it is worthwhile to dwell on its description in detail. Hypovolemic shock develops due to an acute shortage of circulating blood volume. As a result, decreases venous inflow to the heart there is a secondary decrease in cardiac output.

The Immediate reason for this kind of emergencies are hemorrhage (external and internal); loss of fluid in infectious diseases. The decrease in blood volume can also occur as a result of the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity in peritonitis, traumatic soft tissue injuries.

Hypovolemic shock in infectious diseases develops due to dehydratation syndrome, more often in case of intestinal infections, namely foodborne diseases, salmonellosis, cholera and so on. However, this is not always the case. If treatment intestinal infection initiated in a timely manner, the critical state will not develop.

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To better understand what is hypovolemic shock, it is necessary to consider the pathogenesis. In its development we can distinguish three phases:

1. the lack of circulating blood volume;

2. activation of the sympathetic-adrenal system;

3. directly shock.

In the first stage, the human body lacks the volume of fluid in the blood stream, which is manifested by a reduction of the venous inflow to the heart, decrease of the Central pressure. As a result of these processes is reduced cardiac output. In the first hour rushes into the capillaries of the interstitial liquid, and thus decreases the volume of extracellular sector.

The second step is the stimulation of the baroreceptors reflex that boosts the sympathetic-adrenal system. Result in increased secretion of catecholamines: norepinephrine increases tenfold, adrenaline – in a hundred.

This is a reduction of the sympathetic tone of the veins, the heart and arterioles, which leads to an increase in the ability of myocardium to contract and palpitations. And then there is centralization of circulation. In the third stage, which begins in the absence of treatment, prolonged hypovolemia develops persistent reduced perfusion.

Clinically hypovolemic shock manifested by a frequent small pulse; low systolic blood pressure; decrease Central venous pressure; cool, moist, pale cyanotic, even marble skin; slow blood flow in the nail bed; oliguria.

If there is any evidence of hypovolemic shock, you should immediately contact the medical facility for help. Do not think that such a state may be docked independently. In order to save a person, it is best to call the ambulance, which is still at the stage of transportation will begin to provide first aid. In this state, even the slightest delay can cost human life.