Disease from cat scratches: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

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2018-04-02 10:03:22

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Felines – it is a disease from a cat scratch. This infectious disease, which may be acute or chronic nature of the course devoted to the article. The disease develops after a scratch or bite of an infected animal, most often cats. The science of the pathology and known under other names – a benign granuloma or lymphoreticular the Mollard (after the scientist P. Mollard, who first described the symptoms of the disease from a cat scratch in the last century).

Initially, the researchers believed that the disease has a viral etiology, however, in 1963 Russian scientists, infectious disease – G. P. Chervonka, I. I. Terskikh, and A. Yu Belashov – determined the causative agent, which proved to be the germ of a group of Rickettsia.

disease from cat scratches symptoms

The Pathogenesis and the disease description

The causative agent of granuloma the Mollard, or disease from cat scratches, is the bacterium Rochalimaea henselae. This microorganism is widely present in the environment. Infection characteristic of widespread distribution and seasonality – about 70% of TB cases are diagnosed in the autumn-winter period. For this pathology is difficult to determine risk, as it can suffer people of all ages. But the most prone to felines children, adolescents and young people under the age of 20 years.

The Main carriers of the infection – mammals, especially domestic cats. The bacterium lives in the animal body continuously without causing himself any allergic reactions or any violations. But if it enters the human body pathogenic bacteria showing all of his dangerous nature, adversely affecting the condition of our health.

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The Natural gate to enter the microbe think the skin on the hands and feet, the head, face and neck. To get inside the bacterium can also through the conjunctiva. By the way, from an infected person to a healthy infection is not transmitted. Vectors Rochalimaea henselae – only animals.

Felines is called a disease from a cat scratch, because the infection is due to the sores and abrasions on the skin resulting from contact with animals. Bacteria get on the skin, does not threaten a person with a normal immune system. However, entering deep over the slightest damage on the epidermis, weakening the protective functions of the organism, the microbe can be activated:

  • First pathogenic bacterium starts to produce toxic substances scratches that causes the development of inflammation.
  • Next is the process of destruction of cells and the penetration of the pathogen into the lymphatic channel.
  • With the flow of lymph infection reaches nearby lymph nodes, causing inflammation.
  • After the bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, settling in the tissues of internal organs.

Felines is called a disease from a cat scratch, because the infection is due to the sores and abrasions on the skin resulting from contact with animals. The mechanism of disease development is called the dissemination of the infection that leads to pathological changes of target organs. These include lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart and all those that spread the harmful microflora.

What contributes to felinos

A Favorable condition for the manifestation of the disease from cat scratches is the weakening of the immune defenses. The cause of this condition can be:

  • Disturbances in metabolic processes;
  • A glitch in the system of cellular immunity;
  • AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome);
  • Long-term use of strong medicines (immunosuppressive properties have hormones and cytostatics);
  • Bad habits, in particular alcohol abuse.

After recovery, the patient appears strong immunity. Particularly difficult to tolerate the symptoms of the disease from cat scratches (felinos) persons with a positive HIV status. They have the infection is atypical, characterized by prolonged recurrent course.

Manifests itself As the disease

cat scratch disease in children symptoms

In predominant number of cases a benign lymphoreticulosis developing a standard scenario. Same as in photo, symptoms of illness from a cat scratch may appear after 3-5 days or 2-3 weeks after infection. Long incubation period contributes to latent infection, therefore, to start treatment immediately after infection is possible very seldom.

First, the disease develops gradually and does not cause fears. Scratches, which served as the entrance ways to the bacteria, there is a papule (specific tubercle). Very abrasion heals in a few days. After some time, the papule becomes a pustule, which, after breaks and forms a small erosion on the skin. While the General health of the infected at this stage, no worsens, the patient does not feel any changes, signs of inflammation in the body.

From the moment of infection 2-3 weeks occurs the most characteristic manifestation of the disease from a cat scratch – lymphadenitis. The inflammatory process in the lymph nodes, placed as close to the source of infection is accompanied by increased body temperature to 38 to 41 °C.The fever usually lasts from 1 to 4 weeks, sometimes longer, but in half the cases the body temperature can be subfebrile (not to exceed 38 °C).

Main features

As the progression of the disease in patients in addition to fever there are other symptoms of the disease from cat scratches. In children symptoms are more pronounced than in adults, but in General the clinical picture is the same for all, regardless of age.

  • Weakness;
  • Malaise;
  • Drowsiness;
  • Sleep disorders;
  • Loss of appetite;
  • Increased sweating;
  • Palpitations;
  • Shortness of breath;
  • Nagging headache.

The symptoms of the disease are no longer than 2-3 weeks. Swollen lymph nodes – the usual symptom for this disease.

angry cat

When felinese axillary, elbow and cervical lymph nodes can increase in size up to 5 cm, and in severe cases even reach 8 cm in diameter. When probing, they do not cause pain, as it is not connected neither with each other nor with the neighboring tissues. If untreated, the affected lymph nodes abscess, then in the pathological process involved their remote teams, leading to the development of a generalized adenopathy. Cyclic duration of this disease is three months, however it may last much longer.

Eye form granulomas the Mollard

disease from cat scratches manifestations

Judging by the photo, the disease from a cat scratch can infect the conjunctiva of the eye. Such a pathology is found in approximately one in twenty patients with benign lymphoreticulosis. In the result of contact with saliva of an infected animal the conjunctiva involved in a pathological process, usually only one eye. Affected visual organ suddenly swells, reddens. The conjunctiva arise peculiar nodules, and in their place can form ulcers.

In Parallel with the suppuration of the eye is increased predniosne lymph node. Gradually it reaches five inches in diameter. If the lymph node begins to fester, fistula is formed, as the infiltration is necessary in any way to go outside. After treatment of the disease from cat scratches on the manifestation of the disease will resemble a cicatrix.

In many cases, the lymphadenopathy affects and sadnesse, and submandibular lymph nodes. Often this process is accompanied by a significant increase in body temperature and other symptoms of the disease from cat scratches. Velenosa diagnosis usually is not difficult, so as to testify in favor of it can also clear signs of intoxication.

The duration of the current eye shape benign lymphoreticulosis in the range of 1-2 weeks, but often the disease becomes protracted and takes place only a few months. It is worth noting that symptoms of the disease (inflammation of the conjunctiva) disappear after 10-14 days.

Complicated for felinos

If the granuloma Moller becomes chronic, there are several complications. In severe cases, when felinese often affects the Central nervous system. After about a month and a half after the increase in lymph nodes occurs neurological symptoms characteristic of meningitis, encephalopathy, myelitis, and other diseases. The complication may be as a short-term aggravation of the patient's condition and lead to coma and death.

In HIV-infected patients simultaneously with the described complaints noted bruising that develop as a result of bacterial lesions of the vessels. This manifestation is evidence of the spread of infection throughout the body by hematogenous.

Other complications felinese (diseases from cat scratches) are:

  • Myocarditis;
  • Abscess of the spleen;
  • Pneumonia.

Diagnostics

Most Often, the diagnosis of ‘benign lymphoreticulosis” no doubt the experienced experts. During examination of the patient, collection of complaints and their medical history, a qualified doctor will definitely see the relationship between human contact with animals and characteristic symptoms in the form of inflammation of the lymph nodes. However, the assumption of the expert about felinese – this is not a diagnosis.

disease from cat scratches symptoms diagnosis

To Confirm or refute the suspicion of a doctor can only positive results of microbiological tests of blood or histological analysis of biological material, a fence which is carried out during the biopsy. In the laboratory, determine the nature of a papule or pustule on the skin. Sometimes, as a sample, take tissue of an affected lymph node. Increasingly, diagnosis of the disease from cat scratches involves the use of modern methods-molecular genetic studies the DNA of bacteria.

Patients also will have to pass a complete blood count, the results of which will be another confirmation of felinese the presence of elevated indicators of eosinophils and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

For the treatment of benign lymphoreticulosis great importance for differentiating diseases such as:

  • Tuberculosis of lymph nodes;
  • Tularemiacutaneous-bubonic form;
  • Chlamydia.

Treatment of infection with antibiotics

Most Often this disease can be cured independently, i.e., the immune system needs to deal with it, but sometimes the patient can not do without medical intervention.

A Major role in the treatment belongs to the causal treatment – the use of antibacterial drugs to suppress the activity of the microbe-causative agent and eliminate pathogens. Before you can treat the disease from cat scratches, you need to determine the degree of sensitivity of Rochalimaea henselae bacteria to antibiotics of different groups. To combat the infection using such antibacterial agents:

  • “Erythromycin";
  • “Present”;
  • ‘ = = ";
  • "Azithromycin";
  • "Doxycycline";
  • “Ofloxacin”.

In case of atypical course of felinese used antibiotics with local effect (in the form of eye drops with the defeat of the conjunctiva).

Other drugs

In the case of obvious inflammation and enlarged lymph nodes conduct anti-inflammatory therapy with the use of NSAIDs group on the basis of diclofenac, nimesulide and other active substances. Patients will be advised twice a day to make compresses with ‘security systems». The solution is prepared at a ratio of 1:4 (1 tbsp drugs - 4 tbsp of water). Moisten in it a gauze bandage and applied to the affected lymph node. For eliminating pain, lowering of body temperature use of "Ibuprofen" "Paracetamol”, “Pain”, “Papaverine”.

disease from cat scratches symptoms and treatment

If the lymph node begins to nagivate, exercise its puncture. However, it must be done only nurses in the clinic in compliance with sterile conditions. The lymph node is punctured with a special needle, and purulent masses, which are its contents, aspirated, after which the cavity was washed with antiseptic solution.

Forecast when felinese

In predominant number of cases the prognosis is favorable: the disease is quick, as the body recovers spontaneously. But to let the disease take their course in the case of dissemination of infection impossible in any case. The prognosis will depend on the degree of disease severity, the timeliness of rendering of medical aid to the patient. About the chances of recovery of the patient to say something specific is almost impossible, if the infection had damaged the Central nervous system. The agent is able to cause irreversible changes in the tissues of the brain.

Prevention

Today, unfortunately, there is no specific prevention of felinese. To prevent disease from cat scratches is possible only in that case treat immediately with hydrogen peroxide, rubbing alcohol or other antiseptic damaged area on the skin.

the disease of cat scratch photo

With the appearance of characteristic symptoms of the disease should immediately consult a doctor. If after contact with the animal are observed enlarged lymph nodes, increased body temperature and signs of intoxication, is to go to the appointment with the infectious disease doctor or therapist, consult a neurologist, cardiologist or ophthalmologist.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/health/2823-disease-from-cat-scratches-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/zdaro-e/4999-hvaroba-ad-kac-nyh-drap-n-s-mptomy-dyyagnostyka-lyachenne.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gesundheit/4997-krankheit-von-feline-kratzen-symptome-diagnose-behandlung.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-salud/5002-la-enfermedad-de-felino-ara-azos-s-ntomas-diagn-stico-tratamiento.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/health/2824-disease-from-cat-scratches-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/health/2823-disease-from-cat-scratches-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/densauly/5000-auru-zhyl-y-koshach-ih-syzat-simptomdary-diagnostikasy-em.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/zdrowie/5003-choroba-kociego-pazura-objawy-diagnostyka-leczenie.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/sa-de/5000-a-doen-a-da-cat-scratch-sintomas-diagn-stico-tratamento.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/sa-l-k/5005-hastal-k-kedi-t-rmalamak-belirtiler-tan-tedavi.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/zdorov-ya/5002-hvoroba-v-d-kotyachih-podryapin-simptomi-d-agnostika-l-kuvannya.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/health/3054-disease-from-cat-scratches-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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