Mitral valve prolapse: symptoms, causes, treatment. Do in the army with mitral valve prolapse?

Mitral valve Prolapse -- Many people have heard the phrase. However, few know what illness lies behind this name. As a rule, doctors and patients faced with the disease. What carries the phrase – mitral valve prolapse? The symptoms indicating the presence of disease, as manifest? If the disease treated?

Anatomical features

To understand what is mitral valve prolapse, the symptoms characterizing the disease should refer to the physiological structure. So, consider the structure of the heart. All people the left ventricle and left atrium had mitral valve. Its structure has two folds. During contractions of the heart are disclosed. Blood rich in oxygen, enters the left ventricle. When the latter is reduced, flow is directed into the systemic circulation. Thus, there is a saturation of all the tissues with oxygen and nutrients.

The Main function of the mitral valve is to prevent the re-casting of blood into the cavity of the atrium from the ventricle. In a healthy state, he perfectly copes with his work. The valve that distinguishes the strength and density, perfectly merges.

Now consider the above-mentioned pathology. By the way, the word “pop” literally means “slack”. Thus, the essence of the disease lies in the stretching of the mitral valve. Hence, to leak it is not. The heart muscle is disrupted. Distinguish prolapse of the mitral valve, the symptoms associated with repeated reflux of blood from the ventricle back into the atrium. In medicine, this pathology is called regurgitation.

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Cause of disease

If we consider disease from the perspective of the sources that triggered the disease there are:

• Congenital (non-hazardous);
• Acquired (developed as a result of other diseases).

In most cases, it is born with diagnosed prolapse the flaps of the mitral valve. The disease often occur favorably. Physicians include this pathology, rather, to the characteristics of the body than the illnesses. The underlying congenital disorder of the structure. In connection with it, there is a weakening of the connective tissue. This pathology, usually transmitted to the child by inheritance. As a result of weakness of the tissues, under the strong pressure of blood, weak sash are not tightly closed. They are bulging. Special symptoms this form of the disease is no different. And more often than not need special care.

Much less common prolapse the flaps of the mitral valve occurs as a result of heart disease.

As a rule, the disease develops on the background:

1. Rheumatism. This pathology is more common in children. Its occurrence due to inflammation of connective tissue, which is the wing chord. The beginning of the disease is preceded by scarlet fever or strep throat. 2 weeks after the baby attack of rheumatism. Child pain, inflammation of large joint stiffness.
2. Cardiac Ischemia. Typically, this source is associated with persons of advanced age. Since the development of mitral valve prolapse precedes or ischemia heart or myocardial infarction. Poor blood supply, and sometimes rupture of the chords cause weakness, shortness of breath. Accompanied by the above symptoms of pain in the heart area. The examination revealed a prolapse.
3. Injuries of the sternum. Various mechanical damage can cause tearing of the chords. This pathology has a very unfavorable course. This type is particularly in need of timely treatment.

Depending on the reasons which provoked the mitral valve prolapse, the symptoms and treatment differ significantly. Therefore, it is advisable to consider each separately.

Symptoms of congenital disease

Often in children the mitral valve prolapse itself with vegetovascular dystonia (VVD). Doctors say that all the signs of simply "attribute" this disease, like mitral valve prolapse. Symptoms in children it causes of VSD.

Let us Examine them:

1. Periodically arising pains in the heart. Such symptoms are functional in nature. It is not a sign of malfunction of the heart. The pain caused by a disorder of the nervous system. The occurrence of this symptom is preceded by emotional stress, stress. Sometimes they can occur even in a state of complete rest. The pain can vary in their manifestation. From mild to constant pricking aching form. The discomfort can last a few seconds or take several days. It is important to remember that painful feeling in the heart, triggered by mitral valve prolapse, never enhanced by physical activity. It is not accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting. If you see the symptoms on the background of the pain of the heart, it is obligatory to consult a doctor. We can talk about serious illnesses.
2. Heart palpitations. These attacks can alternate with a sharp “sinking” main “motor” of the body. Due to such symptomatology is also a violation of the nervous system. Here we are talking about increased activity. Ariseattacks suddenly and also pass. Remember that with our disease they can not be combined with losses of consciousness, vertigo.
3. Fainting. Almost never occurs the symptoms. It is rarely associated with prolapse. Typically, they may cause stuffiness in the premises or emotion (fear). They are easily and rapidly. It is enough fresh air or light pats.

Dangerous congenital disease?

To Assess the severity of the disease can only be experienced specialist based on the diagnostic history of the disease. For the guys called up for military service, is a vital question about how dangerous or not mitral valve prolapse. The army will be called boys with this disease in their ranks or not?

Unfortunately, there is no single answer. One must consider the symptoms that causes disease. If the disease has no distinct signs do not need special care, as previously noted, this pathology relates to the characteristics of the organism.

Another common concern appears during pregnancy. Not dangerous if in this condition the mitral valve prolapse? Symptoms women hardly ever to the development of complications do not result. However, if a pregnant woman is diagnosed with a congenital illness, be sure to observe the physician must be notified. As a rule, the gynecologist sends the patient for further examination to the cardiologist.

Symptoms of acquired disease

A number of disorders of the heart, as was discussed earlier, can lead to the development of the disease. If transferred tonsillitis, scarlet fever were the source that triggered the mitral valve prolapse, symptoms in adolescents and children are as follows:

• Fatigue;
• Passivity, the refusal of any active activities;
• Weakness;
• The appearance of shortness of breath after physical exertion;
• Dizziness;
• Palpitations.

If the disease is diagnosed in people aged with angina or heart disease, the symptoms is as follows:

• Attacks of severe pain in the region of the heart (receive “nitro” eliminates the unpleasant sensation);
• Shortness of breath that occurs even at low physical activity;
• “failure” of the heart, periodical “sinking” body.

The rare occurrence is the development of the disease as a result of injury of the sternum. In this case, the disease takes the following symptoms:

• Palpitations, "interruptions" in the work;
• State of weakness;
• Shortness of breath after any load, sometimes even at rest;
• The appearance of cough with frothy sputum pink hue.

If you experience the last symptom of the patient, you should immediately call «ambulance». It appearance a nasty cough and sputum are the most serious, if we talk about the resulting injury mitral valve prolapse, symptoms. Can you die from disease? Unfortunately, the symptoms, any delay can result in death.

Disease

In most cases a congenital disease detected with ultrasound of the heart. And often, quite by accident. Because the symptoms of the patients completely hurts. Ultrasound is the most effective way to survey for this disease. After all, along with confirmation of the diagnosis, this study determines the degree of the disease. Moreover, the ultrasound gives information about regurgitation.

In medicine there are the following categories of disease:

• 1 degree. This form is characterized by a slight bulging of the valve leaflets. The magnitude of this pathology varies up to 5 mm.
• Mitral valve Prolapse 2nd degree. When this form is diagnosed bulging much more. This type is characterized by a value up to 9 mm.
• The Disease is 3 degrees. A more severe form. With her bulging noted from 10 mm and more.

However, this division does not reflect a regurgitation. Therefore, this classification is not very popular in modern diagnostics. More important indicator is the degree of valve insufficiency. He describes the blood volume as a result of incomplete closure of fall back into the cavity of the atrium. This figure clearly shows an ultrasound.

Diseases

The Unified method of classification of this disease in medicine does not exist. There are several divisions.

At the place of protrusion (prolapse) of the valves there is the following division:

• Prolapse mitral valve. This pathology is considered the most common because it is diagnosed in most cases.
• The Protrusion of the tailgate. This type is extremely rare.
• Prolapse of both valves.

Disease and sport

It is Permissible for a given diagnosis physical activity? We should remember that the heart is a muscle. Therefore, moderate physical activity is useful if the patient is not observed pronounced characterizing mitral valve prolapse, symptoms. Sport: Jogging, walking, swimming, Cycling.

At the same time we should not forget that any heart disease increases the chance of occurrencearrhythmias.

Military Service

Military service is considered quite compatible with this disease, as mitral valve prolapse. The army will be called in the ranks of such patients. However, not all. There are certain exceptions. If a patient has a diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse of 2 degree with regurgitation of 2 stages – is a sufficient basis to recruit was declared unfit for service.

Military order also contains an article on “fever”. In this case we are talking not about the illness and about the consequences they provoked. By the way, some of them may be completely unrelated to prolapse. Sometimes they are separate condition.

It is important to understand that the degree of prolapse are not made in order. Refers only to a functional state. However, the recruit, who diagnosed mitral valve prolapse, 2nd degree, with impaired conduction, arrhythmia may be unfit for service.

Treatment of congenital disease

As it is practically not detected, if diagnosed with congenital mitral valve prolapse, symptoms, treatment, accordingly, is not assigned. In case of detection of disturbing symptoms such as insomnia, headaches, we recommend taking sedatives. As a rule, appointed the drug “new pass" of Valerian. Such tools are created with herbs, perfectly normalize the activity of the nervous system. Thus contribute to the elimination of unpleasant symptoms.

Often recommended to receive funds “Magnesium B6”, “Magnerot”. These drugs act on the body soothingly. Therefore, the effect of their reception is the same as described above.

More serious treatment requires the disease is accompanied by strong changes of the heart. The patient may experience weakness, shortness of breath, attacks of pain. As a rule, in this case, the ultrasound confirmed the pathology, identifying significant regurgitation. The cardiologist introduces the treatment of drugs, whose action is aimed at normalization of the heart rhythm. However, it is important to understand that only the physician is able to choose the right therapy, from the purely individual features of the disease.

The Treatment of acquired diseases

Tactics of the struggle against disease depends on many factors. For the effectiveness of treatment is taken into account the degree of illness is taken into account, diagnosed with a prolapse mitral valve, rear or both. Another very important indicator for the selection of a comprehensive treatment - volume of regurgitation.

The Treatment is not a congenital form of prolapse depends on the source that triggered the disease. If the cause of the disease in scarlet fever or sore throat, the patient is prescribed antibiotics.

The Disease occurred on the background of ischemia, needs a slightly different approach. In this case, the treatment is selected, is able to normalize the blood flow to the heart, reduce blood pressure.

If after the injury diagnosed a mitral valve prolapse, heart surgery – often the only way. As soon as the patient's condition is normalized with medication, surgery is recommended. Operation allows you to restore the normal operation of the valve.

Prevention of disease

It is important to start from childhood to protect the body from unpleasant consequences. No matter how expressed when the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse symptoms, prevention is based on the therapeutic procedures and moderate physical activity.

It is Very important to treat all diseases. You should protect the body from chronic foci of infection. It applies to carious teeth, tonsillitis. According to the testimony it may be advisable to remove the tonsils. It is equally important to avoid or treat colds.

Teenagers and children necessarily consist on the account at the doctor. Regularly they are advised to undergo a medical examination.

Subject to these measures, patients are absolutely not concerned about characterizing the mitral valve prolapse symptoms. Reviews of people diagnosed with the disease, allow to verify this. As a rule, an unpleasant discomfort of VSD. And the prolapse does not prevent to live normally.

Conclusion

Rarely in the body can cause serious complications, which caused the mitral valve prolapse. The symptoms of the disease in most cases, completely absent. Nevertheless, we should not forget about it. The best way to protect the body from unpleasant consequences – healthy lifestyle.