Forms and types of variability

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2018-03-18 20:40:34

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On Earth there are many different forms of life, and there are no two identical animals or plants. Different types are very different from each other, but even among very similar individuals of the same species no two are absolutely identical to each other.

And most surprisingly, all of the above is true not only for creatures that reproduce sexually, but for those who propagated vegetatively and clones.

So what do the living organisms of the Earth owe their individuality? The fact that since its formation, whether in the form of a zygote or a child process - the body begins to change. And it was changing his entire life - until death. This property of all living things was called variability.

However, the variability does not always flows through the same program, and therefore, to the extent of its study, researchers distinguished types of variability.

So, the variability can be as an individual (occurring with only one creature) and group (what is happening with the whole group). The first is most common.

The allocated geographical variability, the hallmark of which is the fact that the changes being occur under the influence of external factors of a certain territory.

Separated by the types of variability and the degree of conversion: if it is full, radical, it's quality variation, and if the conversion is only partial, incomplete, a quantitative variability.

If a living creature is exposed to certain external factors that trigger the transformation of signs, it is directed variability, and if the transformation occurs spontaneously, it is non-directional variability. There is also ontogenetic variation, which are occurring throughout the development and life of the organism changes.

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Despite the fact that there are so many options, the conversion characteristic of the substance of the signs, not all of the acquired qualities are transmitted to his descendants. Therefore, distinguished the following types of variability: hereditary and non-hereditary (modification).

However, it doesn't end there. It hereditary and non-hereditary types of variability are divided into subspecies. These subtypes differ on a range of characteristics and properties. They are called, for convenience, forms.

So, there are the following forms of variation: the modification and genotype. Modification, also called phenotype, is manifested by the fact that different individuals of the same species under the influence of the environment changes the phenotype. The resulting organisms change are individual, not inherited.

For Example, if the root of the dandelion split in half and put in different circumstances (one half - in the mountains, the second in the valley), by the time the plants reach sexual maturity, it is perfectly obvious that the phenotype of the plant is radically different. Growing up in the mountains dandelion will be stunted, the leaves and flower will not be large. But the plant grown in the valley, in contrast, is high, and its leaves are big. And if the descendants of these plants grow in the same conditions, the difference between them.

The Main value of this model lies in the possibility to adapt the living organism to the current environment.

Genotypic variation is fundamentally different from modification, because it doesn't change phenotype, and genotype, and the new, an acquired trait is inherited. Genotypic variability is divided into two subspecies: combinative and mutational (mutation).

Combinative variation is the appearance of the offspring of the new properties due to new combinations of genes among the parents. For example, in the crossing of sweet peas with white flowers have offspring of their flowers can be purple color.

Mutation is a sudden, yet steady change in the genetic material of an organism transmitted to their descendants. Mutations of individual and targeted.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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