The first lung transplant in Russia

Until recently, transplant of internal organs only dreamed of by science fiction writers. Fortunately, progress does not stand still, and today, such operations are conducted around the world. The answer to the question: “When was the first lung transplant in our country?” as well as detailed information about the operation is presented to your attention in our article.

Russia conducted the first successful lung transplantation child

In mid-autumn of 2016 a Russian media published sensational news. In Russia, conducted the first successful lung transplantation in the child. The patient is a thirteen year old girl - was suffering from cystic fibrosis, and at the time of the operation her condition was estimated as very heavy. Surgery personally supervised Sergei Gauthier – the head of the Federal scientific center of Transplantology and artificial organs them. Shumakova. Conducted a lung transplant is unique primarily because of the age of the patient. It was rather difficult to find a suitable donor. Research and verify compatibility has been selected bodies of an adult male. Until the last moment the doctors did not give accurate predictions of the girl's family. And now, after a while after surgery, the patient looks perfectly healthy. To transplant a girl for 2 years almost did not get out of hospitals, and could breathe only in an oxygen mask. Just one month after the operation the patient's condition is not a concern. The girl gradually learned to live a new life, without an oxygen mask, drew a lot and even walked with the family. The doctors only give positive forecasts, but the patient will have to undergo a number of examinations and tests.

The Russian experience for a lung transplant for an adult patient

The First experiments on lung transplantation in our country was conducted by V. P. Demikhov in the 1940s. As patients were dogs, the researcher was able to prove that the transplantation of organs in the chest of experimental animals can be performed. With regard to the transplantation of human lung domestic doctors managed to get a positive result in 2006. Surgery become medical sensation, was held in Saint-Petersburg. Patient - female doctor - was in a very serious condition. This transplantation of lungs in Russia was carried out thanks to the coordinated work 45 experts in various fields and the help of wealthy sponsors. According to an estimate, the cost of transplantation was not less than 200 thousand dollars. Similar operations are carried out in our country today, but they cannot be called mass. Every surgical intervention is planned and prepared individually.

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Transplantation respiratory – the reality of our time?

World medical practice shows that the transplantation of internal organs is possible. Surgery for unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation, as well as complex «lungs and heart” are held today in many countries of the world. More and more clinics and individual doctors learn similar to transplant. In recent years in the world annually is not less than 3000 operations annually, and this figure continues to increase. Many experts agree that the presence of a larger number of donor lung transplant was performed for all patients with indications.

Diseases in which the required operation

Under what diagnoses transplant? Most often surgical treatment is indicated for patients with obstructive diseases such as emphysema. Surgery can help patients with congenital diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Transplantation of lungs in Russia and other countries of the world is in the restrictive diseases, the most common of them - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Also indications for surgical intervention are Eisenmenger syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. Transplantation is assigned only in cases where alternative medication and surgical treatment does not bring positive results. The task of doctors is to assess the General condition of the patient and the severity of his illness. To understand whether transplantation and whether there are chances for its success on the basis of laboratory tests and clinical tests.

Indications for lung transplant

Lung Transplantation may be performed in the patients aged 60-65 years. Operation is assigned when severe damage of the lung tissue greatly affect the quality of life of the patient. If, according to forecasts from the observing specialists, without a transplant to live, the patient remained a few months (less than a year), most likely, it will also be offered surgical treatment. It is desirable that the applicant for transplantation was in good physical shape, did not have major deviations from the ideal body weight. Some experts pay attention also to the psychosocial condition of the patients.

Absolute and relative contraindications

Lung transplant may not be performed in patients with HIV infection or significant dysfunction of the internalbodies. Any cancer, hepatitis C and the presence of the HBs antigen of the patient are contraindications to transplantation. At least six months before the expected date of surgery, the patient needs to abstain from drugs, alcohol and tobacco. There is also a list of relative contraindications for surgical intervention. Some clinics or specialists consider them to be absolute. A high proportion of deaths among people who are overweight, who decided on a lung transplant. The complexity of the transplant increases, provided that the patient has previously conducted operations on the chest organs. If the disease of the lungs caused by an infection, fight the microorganisms should be before the operation. Diabetes mellitus – another aggravating factor. In the presence of this disease, a lung transplant can be performed, but you need to constantly monitor the amount of sugar in the blood.

Search and donor selection

One of the most important problems of the world transplant – an insufficient number of donor organs for carrying out transplants. The thing is that the donation is only possible after a clinical statement of fact of brain death. The removal of organs for transplantation has a number of medical and legal technicalities. Insufficient number of people living today, has time before his death to properly execute a will even if you have the desire to become donors. Most often the donation is based on the consent of the next of kin of the deceased. Successful and timely lung transplant child in Russia – this is a happy exception to the rule, when a suitable donor is found quickly enough. Usually people who have lost their close relative, are not ready to take such serious decisions immediately after receiving the sad news. It should be noted that becoming a donor may not everyone. Main requirements: age up to 55 years, absence of aspiration of the masses in the lungs and normal radiographs. It is desirable that the donor was a non-smoker or malokuril (up to 20 packs of cigarettes a year). Before transplantation, evaluated the compatibility of the lungs of patients and donor.

The subtleties of the transplant lung

After referral for transplantation and passing all necessary examinations, the patient can only expect receipt of a suitable donor. Once in the clinic, appear a donor organ the patient is waiting the surgery is urgently summoned to carry it out. Transplantation of lungs in Russia, as in Western countries, there has been unilateral and bilateral ways. If the patient will be replaced one lobe of the lung, the incision is performed on one side of the chest. In bilateral transplant, an incision is made in the middle of the chest. In some cases, it may be made of two symmetrical long incision. Any transplantation of internal organs is performed under General anesthesia throughout the surgery, the patient is unconscious and not feel anything.

Rehabilitation after transplantation

The Performance of lung transplant largely depends on how had been rehabilitated. After the surgery patients need complex intensive therapy. It is necessary to ensure the prevention of infections, physical therapy, postural drainage. According to individual indications can be assigned to a chest drainage and bronchoscopy. Without quality rehabilitation lung transplant to a child or adult, most likely, will not bring positive results.

Is There life after a lung transplant?

There are several evaluation criteria lung transplantation. The most important of them – the survival rate. The first lung transplant in Russia with a positive result was conducted in 2006, but this does not mean that was not previously unsuccessful attempts. To say that the operation was successful, in that case, if the patient lived after it for more than a year, and complications have been identified. According to the world statistics, the average life expectancy of patients after lung transplantation is 5-6 years. Most of the patients noted a significant improvement in quality of life. Curiously, after the end of the rehabilitation period, many people who have had lung transplantation, recognized that to live without any physical limitations.

Global experience

The First lung transplant in the world, after which the patient lived for 18 days was held in 1963. This surgery has proved that the operation can be performed. The history of productive and successful lung transplantation starts in the 80-ies of the last century. At that time there is a new effective drug “Flare” regulating the immune system of the body. Gradually, the technology of organ transplantation has improved. Today organ transplantation is carried out in many developed countries. In the year, performed more than 3000 such operations. Despite such impressive statistics, today wait for their operation time is only about 30 % of patients. Russia has all the resources to get closer to foreign standards. Successful lung transplant, the girl held in our country, – vividproof.