The thyroid gland. Signs of the disease in Hyper - and hypofunction of the thyroid gland.

The Thyroid gland – one of the main endocrine glands, hormones which regulate the metabolic processes of the body. It is located in the neck, in front of the larynx. A mass that on average is 30 to 40 grams. The morphofunctional unit of thyroid gland are follicular cells, which form two vital iodinated hormones: thyroxine and triiodothyronine, as well as one deyodirovania – calcitonin. Functional goal these hormones are:

• Active stimulation of the cellular elements of the oxidative processes;
• The regulation of water, fat, mineral, carbohydrate, protein exchanges;
• Participation in the growth and development of the whole body;
• Effect on the Central nervous system.

The Thyroid gland, the symptoms of which is due to either hypofunction or hyperfunction, subject to the control of the pituitary-gipotalamicescoy system. The hypothalamus, the higher the regulator or reducer of the neuroendocrine system and the anterior pituitary normally quite a healthy person due to the complex neurochemical reactions control the activity of the thyroid gland. It is from the coordinated work of these two anatomical structures depends on the increased production of hormones in the follicles of the thyroid gland in the deficit, and slowing their products with the oversaturation of the body these are very important and necessary biologically active substances.

The Thyroid gland (signs of the disease, its hyperactive, manifested by weight loss, increased sweating and nervous excitability) among other things regulates blood pressure. Therefore, along with the above symptoms of overproduction of thyroid hormones, there is another important point – very persistent and volatile increase in blood pressure, it is difficult kupiruemaya antihypertensive medical drugs. Also occurs the compensatory increase in this organ is the thyroid gland, the signs of the disease in this case is represented by the following complaints:

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• A feeling of excessive tightness;
• The awkwardness and discomfort in the neck;
• Thickening of the cervical region;
• Exophthalmia (graves ' disease);
• Asthma;
• Heart palpitations, aggravated by the slightest exercise;
• Sleep disorder;
• Low-grade fever;
• Increased appetite, which doesn't help to get better;
• Frequent diarrhea;
• Unexplained irritability, etc.

This is a vivid clinical picture of diffuse-toxic goiter, the signs of this disease is so memorable that confused craw with any other pathology will be very difficult. A completely different situation demonstrates decreased function of the thyroid gland. The symptoms are diametrically opposed: the patient lethargic, apathetic, seems to be fat, eyes “enter”, the patient all the time I want to sleep, appetite is reduced, but it is not helping him to lose weight. Heartbeat's steady, but slow, constant constipation. Sometimes, the thyroid gland, the symptoms which are associated with myxedema, can also be slightly increased. However, this hypertrophy does not progress, as in thyrotoxicosis.

A Special condition occurs when there is hardening of the thyroid gland. A similar phenomenon occurs in autoimmune thyroiditis, which is also known as "goiter, Hashimoto", as well as in chronic fibrous thyroiditis or "goiter Riedel". The end result of both pathological processes is the replacement of the glandular tissue of the thyroid gland by connective tissue, which, of course, to produce thyroid hormones cannot. These two diseases lead to disability of patients. They should always be differentiated from cancer.