Obsessive-compulsive disorder: causes, symptoms, treatment

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2018-03-20 22:07:28

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder – a complex of abnormal human conditions, which manifests itself in increased irritability, sleep disturbance, fatigue, difficulty concentration. For a typical patient is burdened by thoughts, fear, fear, anxiety, repetitive actions, allowing to reduce this concern, as well as combinations of obsessive manias and ideas. Pathology belongs to the category of psychopathological syndromes is considered borderline psychiastrist. Symptoms very similar to OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder), but doctors pay attention to: the severity of manifestations is not yet a reason for diagnosing psychotic disorders.

General information

Medicine is known for cases when OCD is manifested in a person only once, but there are entities that have episodes again. NNS may have a chronic or progressing rapidly. Neurotic pathology manifests itself by Intrusive thoughts (obsessions), which are constantly repeated ritual movements (compulsery). The patient sees the obsession as something irrational, alien, it seems to him absurd.

And Obsessions are forming uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts, do not obey the will of man, oppress and hinder, disturb or give rise to a sense of threat. This can be images and desire, assumptions, ideas. The man tries to resist, but to succeed fails, obsessions return, subordinating the patient.

how to get rid of OCD

The obsessive-compulsive patient characteristic compulsie. This syndrome, which is a periodically, at random intervals of time, occurring compulsive behavior. The acts which the person feels he is forced to carry. It can be numerous checks and measures to protect themselves from possible problems. Often actions become ritual, and it believes that through such behavior warns of an event. If you objectively assess the situation, it becomes clear that the probability of apprehension is extremely low.

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Specific features

The practice Of medicine it is known that OCD starts clearly as provocateurs are a variety of psychogenic factors. In most patients, the condition was observed on the background of the psyche of traumatic situations. To define pathology is not hard to diagnose – too. The development of the disease in a preferential percentage of cases is in accordance with the forecast, completed a successful recovery.

The Information contained in the moment, about HHC, contradictory, not possible to get accurate information. From statistics it is known that, in comparison with hysterical neurosis, neurasthenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder is fixed at a much lower frequency. In our country, according to physicians, about 3% of the population suffer from OCD.

The disease onset often occurs at a young age: from 25 to 35 years are considered to be more susceptible to other NNS. This equally both men and women. Secstatus, financial security – all these cannot provide protection from disease. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, as shown by specific studies, some are less concerned about those who have received higher education. It is believed that NNS with relatively low frequency is evident in persons with active position in life, as well as those who work in prestigious work. At the same time, statistics inexorably shows that primarily patients with OCD, a high level of intelligence. Some doctors believe (and pay special attention to devoted to various methods of treatment feedback): obsessive-compulsive disorder more often diagnosed in idle, which should be considered when choosing psychotherapeutic methods.

OCD treatment

Origins

For the First time, HHC is more common following the effects on human stressors. Usually this is the situation perceived by the individual as creating serious difficulties, insurmountable for the moment. Circumstances in a position to NNS in the different medical theories differ.

It is believed that one of the causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder – a genetic factor. Mutagenesis, the deficiency of the seventeenth chromosome of a gene – one of the aspects that might trigger OCD, since this change leads to incorrect movement of serotonin. At risk of NNS are individuals in the family history of the disease of which there is mention about:

  • Development;
  • Alcohol abuse;
  • Psychoses;
  • Affective States;
  • Anankastic psychopathy.

The fact of the transfer of the tendency to anxiety is inherited confirmed by many studies dedicated to this issue.

Another theory, telling the origin of obsessive-compulsive disorder (specialists ' opinions confirm that it is applicable in practice and a good explanation of a certain percentage of cases), involves the analysis of the physiology of the patient, namely the nervous system. From birth to possible individual peculiarities, properties, a position to NNS, because they are subordinated to the temperament, and hence constitutional type. NNS more oftenrecorded in individuals anankastic of the Constitution. Subject to this boundary condition, the patients belonging to the so-called stuck personality type. Procedure of excitation, inhibition labile, due to the activity of the nervous system and its individual features; they are the cause of OCD.

Causes and consequences of HHC

Most Often diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder in children, adolescents, adults anankastic type. It's pedantic people who are extremely difficult to get rid of constantly tormenting doubt. Against the background of these thoughts develop a fear, there is a tendency, even in small ways to see signs of the approaching disaster. Persons anankastic inherent desire many times to recheck everything perfect. Despite awareness of the irrationality of the habit to get rid of it extremely difficult. If a person resorts to force of will, holding back the impulse to do a ritual actions, thwarts her attempts multiple inspections, he becomes a victim of anxiety. It is almost impossible to banish from the head of the doubt.

Some researchers are of the opinion that the starting mechanism of NNS is due to the biological chemistry occurring in the brain processes. Presumably, in the orbital-frontal area of the cerebral cortex fails exchange process involving neurotransmitters. The problem affects the operation of telephone startnig Neurotransmitters actively captured in the reverse process of interaction that leads to loss of information, which is transmitted by neurons.

Finally, the last popular version explaining why you need the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, talks about the connection of NNS with PANDAS syndrome. This complex of symptoms caused by streptococci. The immune system in the attempt of neutralizing the infectious agent harm to own body tissues. This affects elements of the basal ganglia, which becomes the starting factor for boundary condition.

Mechanism of development

Particularly interesting in this aspect are the work of Pavlov, suggested that there is a brain center of excitation, which is characterized by increased activity of the structures responsible for the inhibition (synapses, neurons). Despite certain similarities of the mechanism with the occurrence of delirium, there is no oppression of other foci, so the person is able to think critically, but only by an effort of will to eliminate the activity of an element is impossible without help, and pulses generated other irritants. The patient is vulnerable to obsessions.

Continuing research, Pavlov formulated the following conclusion: thoughts provoked by the processes of inhibition in the pathological brain the excited centers. The ideas depend on your upbringing, character and personality of the patient. So, if a person grew up in a religious environment, characteristic of heretical thoughts, and for those who have high moral principles, be pursuing a fantasy associated with sexual acts.

Pavlov observed that mostly patients are sluggish nerve processes, resulting in increased tension brain mechanisms of inhibition. Close to this picture appears in people suffering from depression. Explains why NNS is very often a concomitant deviation is becoming depressed.

OCD symptoms

Symptoms

Treatment for OCD is necessary if the subject concerned compulsive, obsessions. Both these phenomena do not allow the individual to efficiently function in a social setting. Obsessions can be very different, but in medicine adopted the classification of the groups, describing virtually all the known cases:

  • Abnormal doubts;
  • Contrasting obsessions;
  • Compulsie;
  • Irrational idea about the pollution.
OCD reasons

Abnormal doubts

Obsessive thoughts that compel a person to doubt not subject to logic, but to get rid of them when NNS is almost impossible. The object it seems that soon there may be some dangerous negative, catastrophic phenomenon that must be prevented, attaching to it. Treatment of OCD is necessary, though, because often people are trying to warn event, the occurrence of which is extremely low, making for this unjustified behavior, sometimes even causing yourself harm.

The Object of NNS can doubt the completeness of some action that is objectively done in the decision, which in fact took place. Traditional daily actions accompanying each modern person, can cause an obsession – haunted by thoughts of open Windows, ajar faucets, unlocked the door, switched on light. Doubt can pursue the professional field: whether the job done you finished it, whether compiled reports, collated, sent documentation.

If the obsessive-compulsive the teenager, the adult is manifested in this form, and doubt is the fact that you can check, then rechecking followed by many times, extremely exhausting man. Compulsiecomes to an end, when the man suddenly (usually unpredictable) feels perfection is painful for him to process. If it is not possible to check, did you complete the action, the person step by step in the mind reproduces the whole sequence of what happened. Fears related to the situation, torturing, and get rid of thoughts does not work.

Contrasting obsessions

The Necessary psychological treatment obsessive-compulsive disorder, if a person constantly catching myself thinking:

  • Immoral;
  • Indecent;
  • Wicked;
  • Estimated as blasphemy.

Need Help, if thinking is dominated by cynicism.

Perhaps the pursuit of the dissolved behavior, totally inappropriate in a particular situation. Many patients Express obscenities, threaten others or being ironic.

Possible deviant ideas associated with religion. Concentrate obsessive thoughts often on images associated with sexual acts, perhaps the desire to commit such an unnatural manner. People exposed to such thoughts, well aware of the absurdity of the ideas, but the thinking is subordinated to them, to cope with feelings is not possible.

Ideas of pollution

A Fairly common manifestation of OCD – feeling the dirt of the surrounding space, a pathological desire for purity. Some objects, when you visit a doctor admit that they constantly feel soiled with dirt, dust. Possible phobias obsessions entering the body of toxic compounds.

obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and Teens

Some patients are in doubt about the cleanliness of the home, others feel dirty own body, and others concerned about the state of things. Funeral compulsie are designed to prevent contact with the objects, which pose a threat.

Compulsive

Subordinate to them behavior is usually noticeable even to those without specific knowledge about the human face of psychology: object, HHC performs actions in a loop, many times repeating the sequence of movements. From the actions seem utterly pointless, often the patient is aware of their irrationality, but to stop only by an effort of will such behavior is not possible. From medical practice known the following common compulsive:

  • Due to superstition manipulation, which kind of magically supposed to protect;
  • Stereotyped actions (smacking, slapping);
  • Long-lasting, thorough committing daily rituals (washing, dressing);
  • Extremely careful hygienic procedures (patient several times an hour can wash their hands, explaining that their pollution);
  • Desire to double-check the number of counted objects;
  • The accumulation of things, resulting in pathology.

Physical appearance

Since NNS is suffering autonomic nervous system, the pathological condition manifests itself

  • Sleep disorders;
  • Dizziness;
  • Irregular pressure;
  • Pain in region of heart, sore head;
  • Loss of appetite;
  • Problems of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • A decrease in sexual activity.

What to do?

Perhaps the most pressing question of modern psychotherapy associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder, – "How to cure?". A modern approach – a complex effect on the patient. Therapy in this case include:

  • Psychotherapy practice;
  • Medical course.

The Center's therapeutic programs are drugs, as a rule, this pill. For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder apply:

  • Tools that strengthen the nervous system;
  • Antidepressants;
  • Warning panic condition drugs.

If the case is severe, it is necessary to combine drugs of all these groups. If the patient's condition is assessed as slight or moderate, the doctor finds the program, based on individual characteristics and deviations.

Medications: names and effects

A Doctor at the reception telling you how to get rid of the OCD, usually offering a course of tranquilizers. Such funds make on their own within a month and then check how much anxiety the patient. Often resort to drugs of benzodiazepine group based on alprazolame.

Among the most effective psychotropic tricyclic antidepressants. Choosing how to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, the doctor may prescribe medicines to clomipramine. Popular and the money of other groups, based on:

  • Sertraline;
  • Mirtazepine.

Figuring out how to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder in the form of Chronicles, you can resort to atypical antipsychotic drugs. Quite a good reputation has an antipsychotic “Quetiapine”.

how to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder

Writing the program and telling how to cope with OCD severe, a doctor may recommend normotimiki based on valproic acid.

The Choice of drugs occurs only after the results of laboratory research of biological samples obtained from a patient, and medical history. You needto understand the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults is quite different, different approaches are required with different degrees of severity, much depends on the specifics of the case, the individual characteristics, background illnesses, mental disorders. The doctor evaluates how useful would be some means of counts associated with its use the risks and inform the patient about possible adverse effects of treatment. Wrong selection of funds, an unsuccessful candidate dosage can lead to a significant degradation.

Psychotherapy

The Best outcome possible to achieve cognitive-behavioral techniques. During the session the individual understand what is a deviation step by step develops ways of resistance to the Intrusive thoughts. There is an opportunity to differentiate normal things, the real danger and abnormal actions caused by OCD.

Interacting with the therapist, the person learns the methods of resistance to manifestations of OCD, less painful, more comfortable than a simple attempt to hold back the force of will. There is an ability of an obsession to formulate constructive behavior. The ritual procedures that have become everyday habits, with the help of a therapist the effort of the patient be changed, and the best – eliminated completely.

The results shows a Good technique “exposure prevention reaction" (EPR). The technique is to place the individual in an artificial environment that is coincident with the Intrusive thoughts that plague the person. The doctor handling the situation, give instructions, help the patient to prevent the fulfillment of the ritual sequence. Clearly following the advice of the physician, the patient prevents the formation reaction. This affects the state as a whole, making the OCD symptoms are less severe.

The Right approach and the thoroughness of its application allow to improve the position of the object, to remission, to consolidate this state for a long time.

How to help yourself?

The Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder at home – not the most simple and promising task. There are several techniques that can complement the doctor-designed program of psychotherapy and medication but home remedies rarely show really resistant, visible results. However, if it is impossible to consult a qualified doctor should practice such approaches – it is better than the complete absence of any measures. Recommended:

  • Warm bath with soothing herbs (during the procedure gradually lowers the temperature of the water);
  • Morning douche;
  • Clear mode of rest and work;
  • A good night's rest;
  • Eight hours of sleep;
  • Daily physical activity, preferably – outdoors;
  • Exception destabilizing the nervous system foods from the diet;
  • Refusal of harmful habits;
  • Preparation of the daily routine and sticking to it;
  • The allocation of time for entertainment daily;
  • Practice exercises to relax the muscles;
  • Preventing the occurrence of stress factors that can injure the psyche.

Comprehensive medical, psychotherapeutic treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, accompanied by additional activities to relax and restore the nervous system and, in most cases, shows a persistent, stable result. You can completely eliminate the symptoms of OCD. Pathology characteristic of the persistent current, but the forethought and the sequence of the treatment is guaranteed to lead to success, although sometimes it takes quite a long time – need to be prepared for that.

Some features

As medical statistics, NNS is not a ten-year-old children and younger. Studies have shown that, on average, between the first manifestations of a borderline and seeking medical care takes 7-8 years.

OCD reviews

Not to be confused with normal fears inherent to all people, and NNS. From time to time everyone is faced with fear of heights or of the dark, who is afraid of animals, others – to get sick. Almost every once in my life worried about (possible) left on the iron. Leaving home, people usually in control of small aspects of everyday: wrapped the faucets, turned off the light. After checking and finding that all right, calm down, worry goes about his business. A distinctive feature of NNS – the need for reusable verification, the results of which could still leave the fear of mistakes.

Risk Group

It is Known that to a greater extent NNS prone individuals, believing in magic, the supernatural. To provoke neurosis can a strong shock, chronic stress, repetitive traumatic psyche of the situation, internal and external conflicts. With a greater degree of probability of NNS may occur physical, mental fatigue.

To Play the role of perceptions:

  • Lack of confidence in their own abilities;
  • Low self-esteem.

Many individuals who applied for help to the doctor, I did not believe in their ability to handle the simplest task – for example, to wash hands efficiently.

Higher risk of OCDthe persons upbringing instilled a passion, a desire for purity and perfect. To play the role and religious education. When the person experiences unpleasant life situation, the formation of an inadequate response triggers the neurosis.

It is Known that some individuals having developed on the background of mild forms of brain failure, which makes people lose the ability to distinguish between trivia and important.

You May experience the NNS in the background extrapyramidal symptoms:

  • Stiffness;
  • Violation of the carpal movements;
  • Increased muscle tone;
  • The complexity of the turns.

Sometimes provoke NNS:

  • Burns;
  • Infectious disease;
  • The disease, causing General poisoning of the body.

The Toxins affect the Central nervous system, disrupting her work.

Auxiliary therapeutic methods

As mentioned, remove yourself from obsessive-compulsive disorder is very difficult, almost impossible. But if you use traditional methods as supportive or complementary therapy, to expect a positive result. In this case, should consider herbal remedies. Formulations, fees herbs help to calm the mind, ease the symptoms.

In the daytime, recommended products based on St. John's wort – they have a tonic effect, but quite soft, which is especially important for unstable border state. Under the influence of St. John's wort eased the symptoms of depression.

to get rid of neurosis self

Doctors, explaining how to remove yourself from obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is recommended to those suffering from such disorders, patients in the evenings to use herbal drugs with a hypnotic effect. Useful:

  • Valerian;
  • Motherwort;
  • Melissa.

In pharmacy you can buy tinctures of these herbs, pills, as well as fees for the preparation of herbal beverages – they have several effective components.

Useful acupressure. To practice it independently, but first should visit a doctor to explain the correct sequence of actions. Massage individual points on the skull and at its base.

Psychotherapists recommend anyone suffering from OCD in the first place to realize and accept such a feature of his condition, while not hanging the label mentally ill, allegedly dangerous to others. Neurosis – this condition is peculiar to the nervous system, but they do not disrupt the ability to think. In addition, modern techniques allow us to successfully cope with them, the main thing – persistently and methodically to achieve recovery.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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