The Main factor in the steady growth is the intensification and modernization of production, which requires not only the introduction of new technologies and scientific developments, but the development of transport systems and related infrastructure.
Market and market relations is inconceivable without the interaction of producers and consumers of goods and services. Transport development in Germany is inextricably linked to the increase in domestic and foreign trade. The days when a leisurely expanse of water of the Rhine was the only trade route, were in the distant past. Today the transport system is a complex inter-branch complex, one of the leading in the world. At 1 km2 German land accounts for about two kilometers of various roads and communications. The main types of transport in Germany:
We should also mention the most environmentally friendly and slow transport - pipeline, which accounts for about 4 % of the total turnover of the Republic.
The First regular train service was opened in Bavaria in the winter of 1835. Part of the train ran between Nuremberg and Fürth twice a day, delivering goods and passengers.
Today, at the length of Railways (44 thousand km), Germany is sixth, and concentration - the first in the world. Almost half of them are electrified. Primary carrier - the concern of the DB (Deutsche Bundesbahn), bringing together rail line West and the Eastern lands, includes three divisions: Mobiliti, in charge of passenger transportation, Logistic (freight flow and logistics) and Networks (maintenance of services and infrastructure). Despite improvements in the rolling stock and the efforts of the government, the turnover gradually decreases.
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Rail transport in Germany is focused more on the transportation of passengers. The Park is developing a high-speed Express trains (ICE), increases route speed (average - 240 km/h, the maximum on the route Berlin - Hannover - up to 450 km/h). The base fares are quite high: for cars of the first class - 0,41 Euro/km, the second of 0.27.
In the mountainous regions of the country have the cog railway. For the tourists there are still some routes with steam-engine locomotives and vintage carriages.
In the late twentieth century, from the extensive network of roads, including more than 40 thousand km of Federal highways and nearly 13 thousand km of highways (multilane highways with design separation flow in the opposite direction), road transport in Germany provided more than 60 % of freight and 90% of the country's passenger traffic. According to the Federal motor transport Department, the total number of vehicles on the territory of the country is approaching 60 million, with a density of 640 cars per thousand inhabitants.
While many large cities, the entrance to the Central areas traffic is prohibited, the problems with Parking very relevant. In addition to dedicated areas for vehicles of disabled drivers, there are separate Parking places for cars driven by representatives of the beautiful half of humanity.
Germany is the only European country with no speed limits when driving on highways. On other roads the maximum allowed speed of 100 km/h in settlements - 50 km/h.
Air transport Germany you can briefly describe the advertising slogan, the largest air carrier Lufthansa is the best way to fly!
The Heavenly way goods and passengers were beaten in 1909 by the company "German airships". The most famous airship Graf Zeppelin made 590 commercial flights in different parts of the world, breaking more than half a million kilometers. Development of domestic and international airlines contributed to the firm "Junkers" started mass production of passenger aircraft in the first half of the twentieth century.
Today, air transport in Germany linking major centers of the Republic with other countries of the world (the share of domestic flights is very small). The largest of the 16 international airports, occupying the turnover of the first in Europe, located in Frankfurt am main.
Shipping routes on the territory of the Republic with a total length of about 7 thousand km, the Volume of the transported thereon shipping 260 million tonnes per year. Only one third of necessary domestic transportation. Important transport artery is the river Rhine. Regular steamship connections it was established in the late 90-ies of the last century. Currently cruising the Rhine daily to 120 vessels. Shipping channels with a complex gateway systems connecting it with the Danube, the Elbe, the Rhone and the Weser.
The seaports of Germany have a disadvantageous geographical position and far removed from major industrial areas. Therefore, the main international trade is conducted via Dutch Harbor at the mouth of the Rhine, whose share in foreign trade turnover of Germany more than all the ports of the Republic.
Public transport in Germany has the most developed and efficient infrastructure in the European Union. Represented by the following units:
The comfort Lovers can take advantage of the numerous taxi firms or car hire.
Inspired by the example of neighbours, the Danes and the Dutch, his "pedal revolution" held the Germans. The starting point in 2002 was the national development plan of transport. During the decade developed an extensive network D-Netz, in which 12 Federal routes, a total length of 10.2 thousand km of Bicycle transport in Germany has become an equal segment of the country's infrastructure.
Constantly improve service on transregional routes made comfortable Bicycle travel, and every year the profits from such tourism is growing rapidly.
Since 2008 on the development of different holoprojector the Federal budget it is annually allocated about 3 million euros in dividends is positive effects in the areas of public health and the environment, road safety.
Characteristics of the development of German transport and industry in General - to minimize, and eventually eliminate the dependence of the economy on energy imports. That is why Germany is the undisputed leader among European countries in the development of electromobile transport. And if in 2011 the fleet of electric vehicles consisted of 2, 3 thousand cars, according to government plans, by 2020 their number will reach one million, and over the next decade will increase six times.
The Decision promises to be complex: in parallel will develop the necessary structure - the allocation of separate lanes, dedicated Parking spaces, the creation of a network of charging points for batteries. Owners of electric vehicles now exempt from transport contributions for 5 years, and in the future this period will increase in 2 times.
The Business community of Germany and the government plan to allocate for the implementation of these ambitious plans 18 billion euros.
Industry and transport in Germany in full use for the modernization of its structures and technologies to achieve scientific and technological progress.
The German company increasing volumes of e-bikes in which the wheels are motor-wheels with a capacity up to 300 watts. The rejection of the transmission significantly increases the efficiency of the drive. The use of Nickel-metal hydride batteries will increase the cruising range without recharging up to 50 km.
The continued improvement of railway transport of the highest class, intended for international routes. We are searching for alternatives to trains with distributed traction, because complete maintenance of an entire part of the motor-cars is associated with certain difficulties.
Despite the diversity, complexity and capital intensity of the processes, transport of Germany seeks to meet the future requirements of industry and society, in compliance with all environmental standards and requirements, which day by day is becoming harder.
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UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/novini-ta-susp-l-stvo/15221-transport-n-mechchini-vidi-ta-rozvitok.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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