Russia - a great space power. Cosmonautics day in Russia

The Twelfth of April-a significant date for our country. It testifies to the fact that Russia – the great space power. Russia-a powerful country with an advanced and bright minds, and a courageous and conscientious citizens.

Why it is possible to assert with all boldness and earnestness? The fact that our compatriots were the first who flew into space. And this despite the many difficulties of financial, political and social nature.

That helped the country, has just risen from the ashes of the Second world war, to become a great space power? Russia, thus straightening his powerful shoulders, the whole world has declared itself as a progressive, technological state.

Let's dive into the history of Russian space and find out how it all began. Why has Russia become a great space power? Who was behind the scientific inventions, feats and discoveries? And what was the true price of the Soviet road to the stars?

The ground

The First one who was seriously interested in space exploration, was an elementary school teacher, self-educated scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

The Great theorist was born in 1857, from childhood he was interested in Sciences and admired the beautiful starry sky. Tsiolkovsky believed that the development of life on our planet is so great that it is able to overcome the innumerable miles of the Universe and subdue it, aiming for a high and noble goal – to spread life in the endless expanses of outer space. Moreover, Tsiolkovsky believed that Russia – the great space power, therefore, took to his home a worthy place in the development of distant galaxies.

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For realization of your dreams Russian scientist has done many things – it is justified from a scientific and technical point of view, the use of rockets and rocket launchers for committing spaceflight. Moreover, in his writings Tsiolkovsky designed a controlled balloon and proposed to develop a controllable airship in a metal shell. A little later he invented the drawing of the metal plane with a thick wing (which was a prototype design of modern aircraft).

In the early twentieth century Tsiolkovsky wrote a paper in which were given the project of long-range missiles, equipped with liquid rocket engine. In his works the scientist carried out a series of mathematical calculations, according to which he was able to recommend the best distribution of the mass of the rocket and the trajectory of its flight. Tsiolkovsky studied the question of human flight in weightlessness.

Followers

A Student of aviation – Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, continued the work of his mentor in practice. He also believed that Russia – the great space power, therefore called for the creation of the homeland missile and space industry.

For Example, together with his soul mate Zander Sergei Pavlovich contributed to the establishment of the Reactive scientific research Institute. Despite the lack of understanding and the obstruction of the authorities (he was arrested several times, exiled, and even beaten), the scientist became one of the first designers of ballistic missiles.

Conquest of space

What started space flights of Russia in interplanetary space? The initiator of the great things was the same Queens. This time his allies were such Russian scholars as mathematician Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh and engineer Mikhail Tikhonravov. They suggested that the government ambitious project on launching into space an artificial Earth satellite (AES). The proposal was approved by the authorities and scientists were encouraged to work.

After a couple of years, in October 1957 into orbit it was first released (!) in the history of mankind artificial satellites. This event proved to the world that Russia – the largest space power. Since the era of Soviet space exploration.

Further works

After a year of Korolev and his team have released into orbit several satellites to study the radiation belts of our planet. Also developed projects to launch to the moon automatic stations, which ended in great success. Scientists have developed the lunar camera, aimed at a soft landing on a space object and transmission of photographs from the moon to the Earth.

From that moment became possible flight in intergalactic space.

Yes, it was a manned spacecraft, which was the world's first apparatus for the implementation of space flight. It was called “Vostok-1”.

The main event

The Purpose of this flight was, for a contemporary look, quite simple – to carry out single-turn flight around the planet Earth at an altitude of about two hundred kilometers, with a duration of half an hour, and the goal of landing at a given point. But do not forget that it was 1961 and the world's first space flight.

Who will charge to perform this important and honorable mission? The Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, there were twenty candidates, two of whom were – Yuri A.Gagarin and Gherman Stepanovich Titov (now known as the youngest astronaut).

Korolev was in a hurry to make a flight, because we wanted to beat the Americans planned to send into space, his chosen one twentieth of April 1961. Therefore, the Soviet Union decided to carry off the spacecraft for eight days before. The flight made Gagarin.

First hero-astronaut

At that moment, Yuri Alexeevich was twenty-seven years. He was full of energy and life ambitions. Gagarin was born in the family of ordinary workers. Since childhood, he dreamed about flying and space. Because of his small stature was nearly expelled from the aviation school.

Gagarin Launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. In flight, he watched the beauty of the globe, and also conducted the necessary experiments – ate, wrote with a pencil. All the experiences of the young people recorded on tape.

Despite the numerous difficulties and breakage of devices, Yuri landed safely. However, it was done after a severe shaking and anxiety. Landing place (Gagarin ejected from the spacecraft for seven kilometers to the earth's surface) was also unplanned. However, these things did not affect a fait accompli: for the first time visited the man, and this man was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Respect and honor

It was a great event. No wonder it is so often reminded in the smallest details, for example, at various events and concerts marking the anniversaries of human spaceflight.

By the way, recently in our homeland once again recalled the unprecedented contribution in the progress and prestige of the Russian Federation such courageous people like Korolev and Gagarin. The fourth of October took place the solemn actions devoted to the 60 anniversary of the launch of the first satellite. Russia – the great cosmic power who appreciates and remembers the tremendous work that scientists and astronauts, standing at the origins of technological progress.

The Second man in space

Four months after the first and successful attempts of space flight there was yet another climb to the stars. This time at the helm was the youngest astronaut in the world - Gherman Titov, sometimes called understudy Gagarin. However, it is not so.

First, Titov performed a longer flight, equal to twenty-five. Second, his staff made seventeen revolutions around the planet. Well, and thirdly, despite new achievements in Gagarin can not be doubles, as it was the first and most fearless man who went into space. He was a pioneer in this serious and exciting business.

At the time of the flight Herman Stepanovich was almost twenty-six years.

He was born in Altai Krai, in the family of a school teacher. Since childhood, the boy aspired to become a pilot. For a year and a half before his flight, he joined the cosmonaut corps, where he learned all the intricacies of this new and unusual profession. For his brave act Titov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

First woman

What happened next? It is impossible briefly tell us about the numerous spacewalks, which were performed under the guidance of the wise Queen and his followers. About the flights and projects talked about the national events dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first satellite. Russia – the great space power. She's always several steps ahead of such developed countries as America, Japan and many others. For example, she gave the world the first woman in the intergalactic space. It was Valentina Tereshkova.

Sergei Korolev wanted to see a woman in space. However, the selection and the requirements were too strict and categorical. Of everyone there was only five likely contenders.

He Won a young Val, as it is perfectly consistent with the perfect standard Soviet girls – the worker-peasant origin, who died on the front, the father and, most importantly, a sincere belief in the Soviet power, enthusiasm and admiration for his beloved homeland.

At the age of twenty-six, on the sixteenth of July, 1963, Valentina became the first female captain of a spaceship. She was in zero-gravity and confined space of nearly three days, driving apparatus and photographing interplanetary space.

Success and failure Tereshkova

For objective information, Tereshkova could not cope with the command and control ship. When entering her voice sounded sluggish, it is poorly oriented in space and constantly wanted to sleep.

But in spite of this, Valentina did a great job with the main task – she became the first woman in space, despite the physical and emotional stresses or discomfort.

After the flight, Tereshkova entered the air force Academy, attained the rank of Professor, began to lead an active social and political activities.

Modern times

What is the current situation in the Russian space program? Now Russia, as never before, takes an active part in the development of the Universe. Space station Russia have the status of official and international.

For Example, since 1971, the Soviet Union made the first launch of the space station, the operation of which lasted until 2001. The first team carried out the flight, was killed while returning to Earth.

Since 1992 is a mutual program between the US and Russia, which assumed the conducting of joint expeditions to the study location.

Also it was made one hundred and twenty-seven launches of manned ships, of which only four ended in disaster (in two cases there was human sacrifice, in two cases, only technical).

Now the space technology of Russia allow it without any problems in the display space satellites and manned spacecraft. This situation is not only an important breakthrough in space science, but also a significant strategic and political advantage of our country on the world stage.

The Value of the celebration

As you can see, the day of cosmonautics in Russia – this is a very important and prestigious festival. It has a rich history built by wise scientists and brave astronauts. Behind him is a Titanic work as individual persons and the entire Russian people.

The Memory of the events of the 1950-1960-ies motivates us with gratitude to look back and to look hopefully to the future. Because while there are courageous, intelligent and educated people like Tsiolkovsky, Korolyov, Gagarin, Tereshkova, and others, we are confident about the starry sky and know that science will reach unprecedented heights.