John Locke: the basic ideas. John Locke - English philosopher

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2019-02-22 07:00:34

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The teachings of John Locke had a significant impact on questions of philosophy, education, law, and statehood that were current in the mid-17th century. He is the founder of a new political-legal doctrine, which later became known as the “doctrine ranneburzhuaznogo liberalism”.

Biography

John Locke main ideasLocke was Born in 1632 into a Puritan family. Educated at Westminster school and at the College of Christ Church. In College he began his academic career as a lecturer of Greek language, philosophy, and rhetoric. During this period, tied the acquaintance with the famous scientist Robert Boyle. Together with him, Locke held a metrological observations, studied chemistry. Subsequently, John Locke studied medicine, and in 1668 became a member of the Royal society of London.

In 1667, John Locke met Lord Ashley Cooper. This extraordinary man was in opposition to the Royal court and criticized the existing government. John Locke leaves teaching and settles the estate of Lord Cowper as his friend, companion and personal physician.

Political intrigue and a failed attempt of a Palace coup forced Lord Ashley to hastily leave their native shore. Behind him emigrated to Holland, John Locke. The basic ideas, which brought fame to the scientist, was formed in exile. Years spent in a foreign country, were the most fruitful in the career of Locke.

The Changes, which have occurred in England in the late 17th century, enabled Locke to return home. A philosopher willing to work with the new government and for some time is an important post under the new administration. The post is responsible for the Affairs of trade and colonies becomes the last in the career of a scientist. Lung disease causes him to retire, and the rest of his life he spent in the place OTS, in the estate of their close friends.

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Track in philosophy

The Main philosophical essay, the scientist known as the ‘essay concerning human understanding”. The treatise reveals the system of empirical (experimental) philosophy. The basis for the conclusions are not logical inferences, but actual experience. So says John Locke. The philosophy of such a plan was in conflict with the existing worldview. In this work the researcher claims that the basis for the study of the world is a sensual experience, and only through observation it is possible to obtain reliable, real and apparent knowledge.

Track in religion

The Scientific work of the philosopher concern the developments of religious institutions that existed at that time in England. Famous manuscripts “Protection of non-conformism” and “Experience on religious tolerance”, authored by John Locke. The main ideas were outlined in these unpublished treatises, and the entire system of the Church, the issue of freedom of conscience and religion was presented in “the Message of religious tolerance”.John Locke philosophy

This work establishes the right of every human to freedom of conscience. Scientist urges public institutions to recognize the choice of religion is an inalienable right of every citizen. The true Church in its activities, according to the scientist, must be merciful and compassionate to dissent; the power of the Church and the teaching of the Church needs to curb violence in any form. However, the tolerance of believers should not apply to those who do not recognize the legal laws of the state, denies the moral standards of society and the very existence of the Lord, says John Locke. The main ideas of “the message of religious tolerance” - the equality of rights of all religious communities and the separation of state power from the Church.

“the Reasonableness of Christianity as it is presented in Scripture" of the later works of the philosopher, in which he asserts the unity of God. Christianity, above all – a set of moral norms to be followed by everyone, said John Locke. The philosopher in the field of religion has enriched the religious teachings two new lines - the English deism and latitudinarianism – the teachings on religious tolerance.John Locke

Trace in the theory of state and law

His vision of the device just society Dzh. Locke outlined in the work of “Two treatises on the state Board”. The basis for the writings was the doctrine of the emergence of the state of «natural» the society of people. According to the scientist, at the beginning of the existence of humanity didn't know war, all were equal and “no one had more than another”. However, in such a society lacked the regulatory authorities, which would have eliminated the differences, decide property disputes, administer a fair trial. In order to ensure civil rights people formed political community-the state. Peace education state institutions based on the consent of all people – the basis for the creation of the state system. So says John Locke.

teachings of John LockeThe Main ideas of transformation of state-society lies in the formation of political and judiciary which would protect the rights of all people. The state has the right to use force forown protection from external invasion and also for monitoring compliance with domestic laws. Theory John Locke laid out in this essay, affirms the right of citizens to remove a government that does not fulfill its function or is abusing power.

Track in pedagogy

theory of John Locke

‘Thoughts on education” is a work of John. Locke, in which he argues that for child greatly influenced by the environment. At the beginning of its development the child is influenced by parents and teachers who are moral model. As they grow older the child gets the freedom. Paid attention to the philosopher and the physical education of children. Training, as mentioned in the essay should be based on the practical knowledge needed for life in bourgeois society, not the study of scholastic Sciences that have no practical use. This work was criticized by the Bishop of Worcester, with whom Locke has repeatedly engaged in controversy, defending their views.

Mark on history

Philosopher, legal scholar, religious figure, teacher and publicist – all of this is John Locke. Philosophy in his writings responded to the practical and theoretical queries of the new century-the century of the Enlightenment, discoveries, new Sciences and new state formations.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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