Ancient Greek philosophy

Modern world civilization -- indirect product of ancient Greek culture. Ancient Greek philosophy is the most important part of it. Based on the most common concept, highlight the several stages through which it has passed, the philosophy and culture of antiquity as a whole.

The first Step. The origin of philosophy, its formation. The first half of the VI century BC, Asia minor part of Greece -- Ionia, the city of Miletus. Ancient Greek formed the first school, called Milesian. It belongs to Anaximander, Thales, Anaksimen, their students.

The second Stage. The maturity of philosophy, its heyday (V-IV century BC), is the establishment of schools of atomists, the Pythagorean and the sophists. This stage is associated with the names of the greatest thinkers -- Socrates, Aristotle, Plato.

Step three. In ancient Greek philosophy, enjoying his sunset. The era of philosophy, Latin and Greek. The most pronounced currents of Hellenistic philosophy-skepticism, stoicism, Epicureanism.

If to highlight the content of philosophical thoughts, we get the following:

• A classic early (pre-Socratic naturalists): "Physis", "Space" and its structure;
• Classic medium (Socrates with his school, naturalists);
• Classic high (Aristotle and Plato, and their schools).

What are the features of ancient Greek philosophy? Characterized by ancient Greek philosophy the beginnings of generalized scientific knowledge by observing events in nature, events, and achievements of science and culture of the peoples of the East. For this historical type of worldview characteristic cosmocentrism. Nature and the elements-the macrocosm, a kind of repetition of the world, man-the microcosm. This is a higher principle which subjugates the human manifestation called destiny. In this period productively develop mathematical and scientific knowledge, which leads in turn to a unique combination of the rudiments of scientific knowledge with the consciousness of aesthetic and mythological. Question: why is philosophy in such a manifestation is born in Ancient Greece?

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The conditions that contributed to the formation, applies in the first place, the freedom of thought of the ancient Greeks, due to the specific religion of ancient Greece: religion­oznye the views here were not associated with the most severe regulation of public and individual life. The Greeks have no caste of priests who have such influence in other Eastern States. Ancient Greek beliefs are not asked the same conservative, life-UCLA­Yes, on the same East. On the contrary, there is enough scope for intelligent, independent­tion search. To search for the beginning of life. Interesting no less, and that this perio­so characteristic of activity, which is expressed, in addition to Pro­which, in the colonization of intensive resettlement ( starting with VII century BC). In comparison with the surrounding settled peoples, striking bright selection Greeks activity, migration mobility, entrepreneurial spirit. They rely only on themselves, their abilities, and at the same time about­showing a genuine, lively interest in the world around him.

Ancient Greek philosophy, cosmocentrism

As we already know, in the VI-IV century BC, is the rapid flourishing of philosophy and culture in General. During this time it creates a new worldview, a new vision of the world and its devices, the teachings about space, which becomes the beginning of today's knowledge and discoveries. The earth (and everything on it), the light and the firmament covered by the closed space of spherical shape, with a constant cycle: everything arises, everything flows, everything changes. But nobody knows where this occurs and where it returns. Some philosophers claim that are the basis of all perceived sensory elements (fire, water, oxygen, earth and Apeiron), others explain all mathematical atoms (the Pythagoreans), and others provide the basis of invisible, common existence (Elea), the fourth is considered a cornerstone of indivisible atoms (Democritus), the fifth claim that the earth is only a shadow, a result of the realization of thought. Of course, all directions now seem naive and inconsistent, had not yet come to realize that philosophy may have different values. However, V century BC (Plato and Democritus) gives two opposing lines, clearly marked. The struggle between these lines goes through the entire philosophy.