The red book of the Volgograd region: plants, birds, animals

The Red book of the Volgograd region – a special document regulating protection of plants and animals in the region. All objects of flora and fauna submitted to the payroll form, where in front of each of them indicate the degree of rarity from 1 (high degree of threat) to 7 (out of danger). Is in the list of those representatives, in front of which is 0. This means that they have disappeared from the region. Furthermore, the nature of Volgograd region, or the samples are particularly rare its representatives, stored in gene Bank. It was established in 2010. The red book of the Volgograd region – it's not only the flora and fauna and rare soils, are on the verge of extinction.

History

The First attempts to attract the public to the problems of protection of plants and animals was in the early 90-ies of XX century. It was then released the first Red book of the Volgograd region. It was a regular popular science publication, which had no legal force. Next came out a few such publications, and only in 2004, according to the Decree of the Head of administration, was released the official list. On its basis, and was compiled by the Red book of the Volgograd region: animals (volume 1), plants and fungi (volume 2).

I Should say that the list of protected objects is very flexible: some representatives of it are excluded, while others are made. For example, with a small Swan, who joined the list in 2010.

In 2011 was released the electronic version. I should say that is responsible for the Red book, a special Committee of environmental protection in the region. On its base was created the special Commission which is engaged in the formation of the list of species of flora and fauna in need of special protective measures.

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Invertebrates

In the list of protected objects of nature Volgograd region included representatives of many groups and classes. To begin to say about invertebrates. So, in the Red book of the Volgograd region includes the medical leech. Inhabits this particular annelid worm in fresh water, prefers silty bottom and clean water.

In appearance the leech resembles its congener, annelids, however, the body is slightly flattened. The mouth has the form of a suction Cup, which invertebrate has to obtain its food – blood. Stored this product in the stomach of the leech record for a long time-several months. It is a specific bacteria that live in the stomach of the creature, that they prevent the blood clotting. This bespozvonochnoe any blood.

The Wide use of leeches in medicine (they help to ease the condition of varicose veins, various skin lesions) was the main limiting factor – they were caught in large quantities. However, this factor disappeared once began to apply the techniques of phlebotomy, and also learned to put leeches on an industrial scale. One of the limiting factors – a decline in the population of frogs. It is with their blood they feed on young leeches.

Another representative invertebrates, which contains the Red book of the Volgograd region – a thick thick shelled river mussel. It is a bivalve mollusk that lives in rapid rivers clean. The length of the shell perlovitsy reaches just over 7 inches. Life expectancy is very significant and was recorded mollusks, lived for 22 years. The main limiting factor-water quality deterioration and, as a consequence, the decline in the population of river fish, which parasitize the larvae of invertebrate data.

Arthropods

From the class of crustacea, included in the Red book of Volgograd region, note the summer of Szczytno. This kind of living without changing on our planet for millions of years, is now dangerously reduced. Inhabits this small crustacean in shallow waters with depth from 20 cm to 2 meters. Also, it is suitable puddles, ravines, ditches, flooded meadows. The notostraca, there is a special system of survival: the larvae for a short time to develop and hatch, then very quickly become sexually Mature. This is a very important condition for living in shallow ponds that can dry quickly. In addition, as a rule, notostraca are at the top of the food chain in its habitat. However, their number is declining due to the draining of the ponds (the larvae do not have time to go through the cycle).

One of the crustaceans that live in puddles and small ponds & ndash; chirocephalus, horribilis. It has no shell, his body is only 16 mm. the Crayfish is in constant motion, he moves through the puddles in search of food-the plankton, animal or vegetable. Disappears due to the reduction in the number of habitats.

Tanymastix pond also specially protected in the Volgograd region. The shrimp is small in size (13 mm), refers to the bare zhabronogie, it lives mainly in puddles. The limiting factor for this being is the contamination of soils, which formed his dwelling place.

Also of small crustaceans, it should be noted branchinecta small and streptocarpella krasnonosova. Limiting factors and habitat they are similar to described above.

Representatives Of arachnids in Redthe book of the Volgograd region has entered Scorpio Mediterranean. By name it is clear where the representative circulated the most, however, inhabited by such creatures in the Volgograd region. Prefer sandy soils: dunes, desert, well warmed by the sun. They feed on other insects: spiders, flies, small butterflies.

Insects

Only in the Red book of the Volgograd region recorded 59 species of insects. Let us examine those which environmentalists fear the most, that is, they are marked in the edition of figures 1 or 2.

Corners krasnolesy – the last time this beetle, found only in the Lower Volga region, seen in the region in 1994. District habitat – lake El'ton.

Another endangered species & ndash; brantovka smooth. This representative scarab prefers to settle on the old, old trees. All because of bronzovoi larvae develop in rotten bark, and the adults feed on tree SAP. Most prefer oak trees, but there are also fruit trees such as apples and pears. The downsizing is due to logging of old trees.

Particularly guarded in the Volgograd region and the beetle family of weevils –the four-spotted chaser stephanocleonus. It is an insect ashen-gray reaches 1.5 inches in length. Preferred habitat-steppe, lays the larvae in the soil. Plowing and development of new lands – the main limiting factor.

Protected in the region and butterflies. To name just a few species: the moth dandelion, small Emperor moth, acontia Titania, bear-lady, dawn zegris, Lucina, Polyommatus rims. The disappearance of this species of insect associated with the destruction of their habitats: forests, meadows and shrubs.

Fish

Some of the inhabitants of the ponds are also in need of special protection on the territory of the Volgograd region. Here are some of the representatives. First, it is a lamprey, Caspian and Ukrainian. If the latter was seen in the Volga basin recently (in the Sura river), Caspian lived here once, but virtually disappeared after the construction of the Volgograd dam. Ukrainian Caspian lamprey are smaller: body length 20 cm, whereas the latter reaches 55 cm.

Animals of the Volgograd region, listed in the Red book, – it's all sorts of fish. So, particularly here protected sturgeon. This is a small representative of the sturgeon family, which reaches 125 cm in length. The predator prefers small invertebrates; sometimes eats eggs. Lives up to 30 years. The main limiting factors – poaching (commercially valuable fish) and water pollution. Sturgeon prefers the crystal-clear waters.

Virtually disappeared from the waters trout, Beluga Azov and Volga herring.

Reptiles

What other representatives includes the Red book of the Volgograd region? Variety of animals, among them are representatives of reptiles.

For example, Copperhead ordinary. Although this snake is from the family of colubrid snakes for people not dangerous, it is destroyed as well as the place of its habitat - forest clearing, well warmed by the sun. The smooth snake can be grey and yellow-brown and even brown. The main difference – stripe through the eye.

Protected in the Volgograd region two species of snakes: yellow-bellied and four-band. These colubrid good at climbing trees, and produce their own food. For a person not pose a threat.

The Only representative of the reptiles red data book of Volgograd region, dangerous for humans – adder Nicholas. This snake has smooth black color. Prefers moist deciduous forests in the river valleys. The major limiting factor – the destruction of habitat, trapping and mixing with an ordinary adder.

Birds

Another class of animals, which guards the Red book of the Volgograd region, – birds. Them here 54. Let us examine the most vulnerable.

First, you should pay attention to the representatives of the duck. This piskulka, and marbled Teal are also the white-headed duck and ferruginous duck. The last bird – a very rare guest of the Volgograd region due to the fact that no permanent nesting areas. Also, the duck population is affected by human activities related to the destruction of their habitats. Unauthorized hunting – another factor.

From the birds of prey of particular concern COP, steppe Harrier, greater spotted eagle, Saker Falcon, peregrine Falcon and lesser Kestrel.

Of galliformes should be allocated grouse and bustard. The first bird inhabits forest edges flocks, the second prefers the desert. Enemy them – people. Bustard disappearing due to the development of the steppes under arable land, and grouse for the most part due to unauthorized hunting.

Mammals

The animals of the Volgograd region, listed in the Red book, – Russian desman (its population almost disappeared because of pollution and destruction of burrows), also rodents (legged jerboa and midday gerbil). Raptors of special concern only the representative of the weasel family – a bandaging.

Plants

Not only faunaguards Red book of the Volgograd region. Plants are also represented in it. Let us examine some of them. It should say that here you can find a variety of fauna-from mosses and lichens to fungi.

So, under special protection took the Red book of the Volgograd region plants, which are representatives of bryophytes. A lot of them. List very rare: anomodon longifolia, climacium tree, taxiphyllum washelli, encalypta sanitationa.

Ferns is to provide Marsilio bristly. This unique plant is found in temporary ponds, so its population depends on the amount of precipitation per year. Also limiting factor is human activities: the development of meadows for pasture.

Particularly protected and primroses in Volgograd region. Red book protects, for example, tonality peony that blooms in early may. This beautiful flower attracts attention, which is why it is often disrupted for bouquets. In addition, the distribution area is vulnerable to trampling while grazing. Another of the red book of primrose – hazel grouse Russian, belonging to the family of daylilies. Tulips Gesner and dvuhtsvetkovy also protects the Red book of the Volgograd region. The plants included in it are prohibited to cut and use even for personal purposes.