Delinquency - what is it? The types of delinquent behavior

Delinquency – an increasingly common phenomenon in our days. It implies a violation of accepted social norms. More massive delinquent and deviant behavior forced to pay attention to them sociologists, psychologists, doctors, law enforcement officials and even ordinary citizens. Many scientists are studying the causes, factors and conditions that determine the manifestation of the negative effects. However, you must first understand what normal behavior is and what caused it?

Definition

In every society there are traditions and rules of conduct. They can be both formal and unwritten. There are enforcement mechanisms for their execution. You need to understand that it is not only law enforcement, but the fear of condemnation from the loved ones. People as many may say that he does not accept conventional morality, but subconsciously follow it. A very different situation can be observed in a society that is in a constant process of reform. This period destroyed the old rules and the new even appear, but do not have time to settle down and have enforcement mechanisms. Therefore, any reform and revolution mean increase in the level of delinquency of the population. This explains the situation in modern Russia, as, indeed, and destructive tendencies throughout the world. The concept of delinquency implies any violation of social and legal norms. It should be distinguished from deviance. The latter implies a deviation is a relative concept. It relates to the rules prevailing in a particular social group. Delinquency – it is an absolute concept. It relates to the laws of that country. However delinquent behavior encompasses not only those actions for committing of which should be formal punishment.

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History

The Normal behavior of people – it is the basis for harmonious functioning of any society. Therefore, at all times of power, philosophers and scientists sought to find methods and means of stimulation. Therefore, delinquency – the study of sociology. The origins of the study table even Durkheim. However, a separate area dedicated to the study of delinquency were shaped by Merton and Cohen. In the USSR, it was studied in the framework of addictions, criminology and of suicide-studying as a special dizzily. Delinquency – is a subject of study by Russian sociologists only since 1960-1970-ies. A great contribution to the study of this phenomenon has made Afanasiev, Zdravomyslov, Matochkin, Gilinsky.

Causes of delinquency

Different areas of sociology can explain the deviations from normal behavior varies. Merton followed Durkheim uses the concept of “anomaly”. He understands the state of society when the new value has not yet been established, and the old has run its course. Thus, it is possible to explain delinquency in adolescents. It is associated with the restructuring of the psyche and change their place and role in society. The cause of delinquent behaviour, according to Merton, is the inconsistency between the purpose set before human society, and the means which it provides. Another area explains the rejection of the existence of norms of another culture. Russian sociologist believes that deviations arise because of inequality, inability to cater to their needs of individual social groups. Another group of reasons is connected with the increase in the number of various pathologies. For example, mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse.

Types

The Main type of delinquent behavior is a crime. Also its varieties is prostitution and drug addiction. The origins of sociological studies of crime are in the works of the Russian scientist Herman. Significant contribution they have made Franco-Belgian statistician Quetelet. The latter came to the conclusion that any social order presupposes the existence of crime. To eradicate them completely is impossible, only possible to keep under control. According to experts, the growth of crime in Russia was influenced by the transition to a market economy.

For a Long time drug abuse in the USSR was considered a problem only in capitalist countries. However, in modern Russia there is no denying its importance. Opinion polls show that the main reason for drug use is the desire for new experiences. It in most cases goes about young people hooked on them under the influence of friends and acquaintances. Today the society is much better informed about the consequences of drug use, the majority of respondents refers to them in the negative.

Another type of delinquent behavior is prostitution. It originated with the social division of labor and development of monogamy. Even in the middle Ages the Church had to deal with this phenomenon. There are three main policy in relation to prostitution: prohibition (a prohibition), registration and medical surveillance (regulation) and prevention work (abolitionism).The first two forms have proved ineffective. Historical experience shows that only a lengthy period of socio-spiritual transformation can solve this problem in society.

Deviance and delinquency

You Should immediately clarify that these two are not absolutely equivalent. They relate to each other as a whole and its parts. All delinquent behavior is deviant, but not every deviation – it is a crime. It all depends on the laws that apply in the country. Deviant behavior becomes delinquent only under the action of the state in the person of its special agencies that enforce formal rules.

Juvenile delinquency

The Transition period is always difficult. This explains all the difficulties of this age. At this time there is the formation of character. Youth delinquency begins with school truancy, disorderly conduct. The underlying cause often is a deficiency in upbringing and family problems. Sometimes it may be associated with psychopathologies and anomalies of character, which do not allow to bond with other children that provokes aggression.