The main areas of psychology: a science, but different subject matter

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2018-04-01 12:04:08

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Almost before it began, the 20th century already experienced a young science like psychology of strength. The main areas of psychology that existed at that time, was not able to answer the questions that have arisen in the context of the historical and cultural conditions of the new time. It was during this period science and survived its first crisis, which was associated primarily with the insufficiency of its theoretical principles, and develop the introspective school, to explain the real situation in society.

main directions of psychologyThis led to the fact that the main directions of psychology of the 20th century differ even their subject of study and different schools study different sides of practical reality. In particular, Wundt, the representative of structuralism, the goal of which is to study immediate experience and its structures, functionalists do not pay attention, focusing on the analysis of these structures. Thus, the key directions of Western psychology differ in their approach to defining the human experience: structurality define it as “a chain of elements”, and functionalists – as “stream of consciousness”, which can only be studied in its totality. Over time, the approach of the representatives of functionalism justified itself in practice.

main directions of psychology of the 20th centuryAlso the main directions of psychology of the 20th century include reflexology, which was developed mainly by Russian scientists, e.g., Pavlov and Bekhterev. Their subject of study was the senses, as well as a felt experience. Pavlov, in particular, coined the term "reflex", and explained his appearance. Other substantive areas of psychology, perhaps, was not so closely connected with biology and did not have for her such great importance.

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The Behaviorists, led by Watson its main task was to understand all the mysteries of the behavior of living beings. And if other substantive areas of psychology has suffered some subjectivity, the adherents of this concept sought to explain all puzzles in the behavior of living beings by objective factors that are associated with adaptation to the environment. They mostly used for their experiments white rats, because the mind and psyche for behaviorists – one unit, so the difference between animals and humans is irrelevant.  the Main achievement of this school was the explanation of the acquisition of skills by trial and error.

main trends of Western psychologyAnd finally, one of the concepts of psychology, which originated at this time, is Freudianism. Freud focused his attention on the actions, the motives of which people can't explain. So he came to the idea of “unconscious” and he devoted his life to its study. He believed that the reason unconscious actions can be revealed through the study of dreams, reservations, and random involuntary movements. Freud believed that all development of personality can be reduced to two basic instincts: sex drive and fear of death. Living in a society, we suppress these forces, so they are pushed into the unconscious, but sometimes still have an effect.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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