Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin): biography, books. Russian shrines in the Holy Land

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2018-03-24 00:49:21

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The Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin) lived a colorful life, equally devoted to Christianity, archaeology and history. In his classes, in addition to the service of God and of the Church, was the great love of the labor of past generations, the desire to trace the origins of religion and the formation of Nations.

Childhood

The Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin) was born 12 Aug 1817 in a large family. On my father's side Kapustina were servants of the Church and to God in a few generations. The mother of the future Archimandrite also came from a family of priest. At birth the boy was named Andrew, he was one of six brothers, girls in the family were seven.

The Small homeland of the future Archimandrite and scientist - Perm region, Shadrinsk district. Christianity and the Church structure, set the style and the meaning of life for the whole family. Literacy started in the home, and the first teacher was his father, and instead of primer – the book of Psalms.

By the time of the formation of the boy his father Ivan Kapustin was appointed rector of the Transfiguration Church (the village Baturino). Family training was short-lived, in 1826, the boy was sent for further education in Dalmatovskiy religious school, where the Charter of students ' lives was simply that a lot was upsetting the boy.

Youth

In five years, received a diploma of completion, Andrei Ivanovich Kapustin continued his education at the Seminary in Perm, and later transferred to Ekaterinoslav Seminary, where the rector was his uncle and the priest ion Kapustin. This period was fertile in the development of Antonina, as opened his multi-faceted abilities and talents.

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The Teachers observed the diversity of his interests-foreign languages (especially Greek), painting, playing musical instruments, interest in astronomy, and more. Love for poetry stayed with him until the end of life. In 1839 the future Archimandrite became a student of the Kiev theological Academy, at the end of the full course, it is assigned the degree-master of theology. His work, he continued at the Academy as a teacher of German and later as an assistant inspector.

Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin

Monasticism and teaching

The Adoption of monasticism occurred in early November 1845, vows was conducted by Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev. After the allotted time, Antonin was ordained a priest. According to his service, he remained a teacher at several Church disciplines at the Kiev Academy.

Classes with students were given to him with difficulty, with a movable character and high responsibility, Antonin knew no rest while preparing lectures and theoretical materials. He always thought that he done enough, the material bears little information or incomplete, sometimes he'd get insomnia, trying to bring the lecture to perfection.

In recent years, a tenure teacher, father antonín worked correctora making edits to Russian translation of some writings of John Chrysostom. On arrival at the Kiev Academy, he began to keep diaries describing daily events, and continued recording until the end of his days.

In the process of teaching he studied a large number of historical documents that awakened in him a craving for in-depth study of the origins of Orthodoxy. About this he wrote in his journal and sharing dreams with loved ones. The Holy Synod decided to encourage the aspirations of the scientist and has written to father Antonin in Greece for the position of rector of the Athens mission.

pilgrimage

Greek

Athenian period lasted 10 years, and remembering it later, he admitted that all the previous time he was preparing for a meeting with the antiquities of the East and to the understanding of the unity of the Orthodox Universe. In 1853 the father Antoninus was elevated to the rank of Archimandrite. This period of his life was the beginning of a fascination with the archaeology, history and culture of the East. At the same time appeared his article in the Orthodox periodical “Sunday reading», published by the Kiev theological Academy, published a book «the ancient Christian inscriptions of Athens”.

The Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin) for the first time visited Jerusalem in 1857, which made a huge impression on him and are reflected in the book “Five days in the Holy Land”. Since 1860, father Antonin works in Constantinople at the Embassy Church. By the nature of the activities and tasks of the Holy Synod regularly goes on business trips-to Athos, in Rumelia, Thessaly and other places that they described in the literary work of ‘Rumelia”.

For ten years of service in Greece, the scientist acquires a certain fame and prestige among the Greek and Russian byzantinologist. This is confirmed by his participation in four scientific societies, where he was accepted as an honorary member. His book about the Athenian inscriptions was a huge success in the scientific community, it began to be referenced by other scientists, translations were made into many languages, were printed and translated articles on history and archaeology.

Russian ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem

Jerusalem

In 1865 the Russian ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem received a new head – it became Archimandrite Antonin. At first he was acting, and in 1869 was appointed. In the Russian Ecclesiastical mission in those years between the priests was discord, intrigued,why suffer the pilgrims and the status of the Church. Newcomer to the Archimandrite had to show the wonders of diplomacy. In this field, father Antonin made a lot of things, gained fame Russian clergy, and to establish the presence of the Orthodox Church in Jerusalem.

The Period of his active work and is today called the "Golden age" of the mission, his work was founded and flourished, the Russian Palestine. Establishing a strong infrastructure was made possible through the efforts of Archimandrite. During his tenure, he strengthened the position of the Russian Orthodox Church to the acquisition of land plots, with laying the Foundation of monasteries, building of pilgrim centres, a school for Arab children.

In Addition to the strengthening position of the Church, he engaged in the study of biblical culture, antiquities. He was the first who realized the importance of conserving the old Testament shrines and not to lose them, began to acquire land associated with the stories. After they dig, he built temples, founded monasteries and centres for accommodation of the pilgrims. With the arrival of his passion and intrigue of the mission subsided, but he was able to find a common language with all parties of the conflict and even to some extent to reconcile the antagonists.

the making of monasticism

Oak of Mamre

Not wanting to take part in the strife, Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), I decided that will focus on the main task of the monk - the service of God and the Church. Bearing in mind that one of the objectives of the mission is to provide shelter and security to the pilgrims, he began to expand the territory of the Russian pravoslavie in the Holy Land.

The first purchase was the oak of Mamre in the city of Hebron. It was designed for a permanent assistant of father Antonin Jacob Khalebi, that is associated with certain restrictions on the rights of land acquisition in the Ottoman Empire. The earth could buy individuals, citizens of a Port. To buy the oak of Mamre was almost impossible, but courage, perseverance, diplomacy and money helped to convince the owner in the transaction.

Oak – one of the Christian Holy places near him to Abraham was the Holy Trinity. To expand the territory, father Antonin bought land in the County, which in total amounted to 72 thousand square meters. The first Liturgy on this earth was served in June of 1869, the site was gradually improved, was built by the great pilgrimage to the house. The temple was built in 1925. A pilgrimage to the oak of Mamre and is today one of the revered destinations among believers.

diary of Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin

Mount of olives

The Second major object that was added to the Russian ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem, was the monastery on the mount of olives. Knowing from the works of Dmitri of Rostov, that in those places buried the head of John the Baptist, and from other sources about the many Christian monasteries from the 6th century situated on the mount of Olives, he took to buy land on its slopes. On the purchased estate was excavated. The result became unique finds – the remains of ancient Byzantine churches with wonderfully preserved mosaic floors, bust of the ruler Herod the Great, the caves for burials and many more.

The Main shrines are found a stone, which (according to legend) stood the mother of God during the ascension of the Saviour and the Foundation of the ancient Christian Church, which has preserved the altar. Almost immediately after the completion of all survey works of Archimandrite Antonin attended the laying of the temples, but the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish conflict for some time stopped the construction.

The Church of the ascension was opened in 1886, it was the reason the ancient temple. Now on land purchased by father Antonin is a convent, where the main Shrine - the place of finding of the head of John the Baptist, on the floor of the chapel is recessed in the mosaic floor indicate the place where was found the head of John the Baptist. Here, on the mount of olives, the ashes of Archimandrite Antonin, it taken on pilgrimages.

200th anniversary of Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin

What has added Russian mission

The Russian ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem Archimandrite Antonin works gained the weight, credibility and take its rightful place in the hierarchy of Orthodoxy in the Holy Land. During his tenure, father Antonin increased ownership of many lands, where now is located the property of the Church, and pilgrims have the opportunity to touch the shrines,

  • Air-Karem, birthplace of John the Baptist and the virgin Mary spent three months visiting the righteous Elizabeth. Bought one house with a plot of a local resident, Archimandrite increased possession of almost 300 thousand square meters. The estate became known as the Mountain. In 1882 here consecrated the temple, invited the nuns, highlighting each individual house with a little land for a garden. The monastery still exists today.
  • Hospice in Jaffa near the burial place of St. Tabitha. In 1888 purchased the land the temple was built, consecrated in honor of Tabitha and St. Peter the Apostle. For a long time, this compound was considered the best Russian mission in Jerusalem, it was called “Golden pearl”.
  • The Pilgrim refuge in Jericho with a tropical garden.
  • Guest house on the shore of the sea of Galilee in Tiberias.
  • Estate in Gethsemane where the temple is builtMary Magdalene. In it are preserved the relics of Elizabeth Feodorovna-Grand Duchess.
  • In the village of Siloam purchased the land, including caves Siloam monolith.
  • Cave Romania, located in the valley Swahili.
  • Located On the mount of olives purchased by father Antonin “the Coffins Prophetic”, “the place of kallistrata”.
  • Plot of land in the homeland of St. Mary Magdalene, in the town of Magdala. The plans of the father of Anton, he was intended for the pilgrim shelter.
  • Plot of land in Cana of Galilee, adjacent to the place where the house of the Apostle Simon kanonit.

According to General estimates, during the years of his activities as Director of the Russian Ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem Archimandrite Antonin increased the possessions of the Church to 425 thousand square metres of land, which in monetary terms amounts to about 1 million rubles in gold. Unfortunately, most of this priceless wealth was lost during the reign of Khrushchev. As some sources, most of the heritage was given away for very little money spent as barter transactions – buildings and land in exchange for oranges and cheap fabric.

Shadrinsk Perm province County

Literary and scientific heritage

Biography of Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin is not limited only to activities in the creation of Russian Palestine. He found time for research of ancient manuscripts, archeology, numismatics, byzantinistik, translations and many others.

In 1859, a research was conducted and describes the ancient manuscripts in the monastery of St Panteleimon on mount Athos. In 1867, father Antonin studied the manuscripts in the Patriarchal library of Jerusalem. A year later, they had compiled a catalogue of early printed books and manuscripts Lavra of St. Sava the Sanctified. In 1870, in the library of St. Catherine monastery (Sinai) it is a description and catalog of Greek (1310 items), Slavic (38 units), Arabic (500 pieces) manuscripts. For this work, a gift was received unique document – Kiev Glagolitic sheets (transferred to the library of the Kiev theological Academy).

The Period of stay in Jerusalem for archimandrita was fruitful in scientific pursuits. Significantly increased his personal library of ancient manuscripts, it included texts and books in Greek, old Slavonic, Arabic. Collected over the life of the collection of antiquities is constantly replenished with coins, ancient household items, monuments of Byzantine art. Collected over a lifetime collection of unique manuscripts partially located in the Central scientific library of NAS, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, and in the national library, Russian state historical archive, St. Petersburg.

village Baturino

Journals

The Archimandrite Antonius carried on a wide correspondence, was engaged in scientific work. Bibliographic list of published in vivo and post-mortem works, today has more than 140 names. One of the most important historical documents are his personal diaries, published under the title "chronicle" (30 volumes). He led them daily, from 1817 until his death in 1894.

Diary of Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin has long been considered lost, but they survived. The main part is in the Russian state historical archive (Saint-Petersburg, the Meeting of the Holy Synod).

To date, published two volumes of "chronicle". The first volume contains records for 1881 and describes the beginning of work in the East. The second volume was released in 2013, it contains records for 1850 – beginning of the Athens and Constantinople periods of the life of Archimandrite Antonin. Preparing for the publication and the next volume of the diaries.

master of theology

200-year anniversary

In August 2017 in Russia celebrated the 200th anniversary of Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin. The home of the ascetic, in the village of Baturino, was a festival “Baturin Shrine”. Next to the ancestral Holy Transfiguration Church family Kapustina the bust of Archimandrite Antonin.

In Jerusalem, also held celebrations. On the mount of olives in Spaso-Voznesensky convent, a service was held which was chaired by Metropolitan Hilarion. After the service at the grave of the ascetic was accomplished memorial service.

A Memorial service was served at the Russian Ecclesiastical mission. It was held in the chapel, consecrated in honor of the Holy Martyr Queen Alexandra. At Holy ascension Church, a service was held a solemn ceremony, a festive reception.

During the celebrations opened a small exhibition of rare documents relating to the activities of the Archimandrite, the presentation of the book “Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin). Sermons and translations of the Kiev years”. She received a response from the readers. Hosted a screening of the documentary “Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin) – Builder Russian Palestine”.

The Literary and scientific legacy of Archimandrite Antonin in value may be the same pride of country and Church, and all his activities in the creation of Russian Palestine.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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