Espionage is a crime. Types of espionage. State, economic and military espionage

Every citizen of the state is obliged to respect the laws of their country and not to violate them. However, it is not always so. Criminals can neglect to treat those norms set by society, to betray the interests of his country. For example, they can perform espionage - a crime which substantially harm the state. Of course, it is necessary to consider this issue more carefully.

The Concept is presented of the crime

So, to begin to deal with the term itself. Espionage - a crime that involves the illegal collection and transmission of any information of national importance to a third party. In this case, the client often acts as a foreigner, under 16 years of age.

You Need to consider that the information may constitute a state secret or not be it, however, to be very interesting for the opposite side.

Espionage is a crime, which involves different ways of transmitting information. This may be personal contact, and electronic means of communication, the mediator or other secret methods of communication.

Of Course, the spy should be as careful in their activities. For his work he receives a certain reward. However, if the offender falls into the hands of law enforcement, will pay with his freedom.

Subjective and the objective side of the offense

Espionage is a crime, which has certain component parts that characterize any violation of the law. For example, to the objective side of the crime include theft or information gathering, storage and transmission. As for the subjective side, it has one important feature - direct intent. That is, the offender is well aware of what he is doing, understands the consequences and the damage can be. However, for him it doesn't matter, and a criminal will still commit their acts.

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The Subject of submitted violations of the law is exactly the person who seeks to obtain the necessary information, that is, the most a spy, be penalized. With regard to the object, they are necessary to a criminal information.

Features of espionage as a crime

So now you have to understand some of the nuances of this type of violation of the law. State espionage is a very serious offence which carries large penalties. It is absolutely not taken into account the motive or objective of the perpetrator. In any case, his actions lead to serious consequences States.

Espionage (criminal code calls it finished in the time of the transfer or theft of information) can be prevented by the criminal. It's enough to destroy the conditions under which the information falls into the hands of interested person.

Types of espionage

We Now turn to the classification presented violations of the law. There are some types of espionage:

- Economic. It provides for the transfer of information on the financial plans and economic-design, experimental-design works that may have value for other countries.

- Political. In this case, information may be collected about some of the figures presented sphere. And may be stolen not only their work plans, the study may be subject and personal lives. The thus-obtained data is considered as compromising the ability to make policy to change its decisions in accordance with the requirements of the enemy.

- the Military. It involves the collection of information about the strategic and the operational plans of the country, trends in technology, technological and industrial development of weapons.

Economic espionage: features

Today is a very expensive product. Therefore, the abduction of such information can be a real challenge to businesses, both large and small. Due to illegal actions of competitors can assign your funds to entice customers and destroy your work.

In order to obtain information, an attacker can monitor the media, computer systems firms, online corporations, patent applications, databases. At the same time to obtain information, the offender can both legally and illegally. In any case, the person gets a certain number of foreign information that could be used against its owner.

Features of the agent

Therefore, economic espionage is a special kind of crime, which is aimed at weakening the position of certain firms or the state in General in the international market. Of course, in order to get the information you need to use agents. They can be almost anyone who pursues Mercantile goals. Although a spy can be coerced.

Agent is usually either employee, dissatisfied with his position in the company, or specially trained person. In some countries, there are even training centers for spies.

The best option is prepared by an insider who knows in advance what he wants. Often agents are representatives of businesses or students. The main thing that they had legal and free access to the premises, which may contain the required information.

Today, anywhere there is a computer system. Almost all information is now transferred to the electronic version. To steal such information much easier, despite all the modern means of protection. That is, the presence of agents is not always mandatory information.

Criminal responsibility for the crime

Like any other crime, military espionage should not go unnoticed. For this crime, of course, punishable. Since the crime is considered particularly grave, then the responsibility is not small. For example, for this crime is the actual deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years. In addition, the spy will have to pay a substantial monetary penalty (not less than 500 000).

However, there are cases where the punishment may not come. For example, criminal liability can be avoided if the spy in a timely manner and notified law enforcement. In addition, a person can destroy the conditions under which transfer of information is possible.

Also, criminal liability can be avoided if the agent helped to prevent further damage.

As you can see, espionage is a very serious crime. However, we must note that it is possible to recruit any person who is related to important information. Therefore, to protect yourself from such a situation. Good luck!