Social groups: definition, description and law

We know that there is help social. Categories of the population that can qualify, a lot, but most of them are unknown or only superficially. And for good reason. It is quite possible that rely on the state maybe one of us.

Social assistance

So who can count on support from the state? The legislation provides for such social categories of citizens:

1. Lonely elderly people.
2. Disabled.
3. Citizens that suffered as a result of the Chernobyl accident.
4. The Unemployed.
5. Children who have been deviative behavior.
6. Internally displaced persons and refugees.
7. Orphans.
8. Low-income or large families.
9. Single mothers.
10. Persons without specific place of residence.
11. Citizens, people with AIDS or infected with HIV.

What can they claim? Social support of separate categories of citizens provides for the implementation of the system guaranteed by the state long-term or permanent measures that ensure conditions for overcoming a complicated life situation. They are aimed at making people feel on a par with other citizens of our society. Under the measures refers to the provision of social care and support.

Legal background

According to the seventh article of the Constitution, the Russian Federation is a social state. Therefore, policies should be formed with due account of the interests of the people. Also by law the state is responsible of the creation of such conditions under which will be protected by the health and work of people. In addition, it is maintained the establishment of a minimum wage, family support, fatherhood, motherhood and childhood. The state also is concerned about the disabled and elderly citizens. Their issues and problems involved with the social services. They installed a state pension, allowances and other guarantees of social protection. And their obligations for ensuring that everyone who should have received support. We examined the social category. If you belong to one of them – do not loiter and do receive due benefits.

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Foundation

As a starting point for the purpose of payments are the minimum social standards. It is established by laws of the Russian Federation guarantees that are expressed through rules and regulations. They reflect the most pressing needs in material goods, and free public services, and guarantee the required level of consumption for citizens. All this is expressed in the system of social protection. It uses distribution relationships in order to serve people who are partially or completely lost the ability to work for their benefit. Such assistance may come in the form of material resources or services. Their range depends on what social category they claim.

So, for large families provide benefits for payment of utility bills. Whereas pensioners have free travel on public transport. As you can see, different social categories of citizens receive a variety of assistance.

Programs

About social support of separate categories we can say that she always planned in advance. But it is necessary to decide the question of priority. In other words, you need to define the problem whose solution is most urgent. And in this help to cope program decisions. Thus, it is possible to maintain and develop the existing social relations, while simultaneously solving the most important tasks. A feature of this process is that skillfully combines the interests of different categories of the population. In addition, attention is paid to social associations and groups.

How it was created?

We already know about socio-economic categories of citizens, now let's look at the history of the development of this mechanism. In modern form this protection appeared for the first time in 30 years in the United States. Then was developed a number of measures aimed at minimizing the consequences of unemployment, the loss or significant reduction of income due to sickness, occupational disease or a work injury and in old age. In a slightly modified version of that system is still used as the basis of social policy of any state. This system is based on legal safeguards and security measures to protect members of society from physical, social and economic degradation.

The Model of social protection

It Should be noted that it was proposed quite a number of different approaches. To help are some of the most popular models and their brief characteristics. Information will be fed according to the classification of V. V. Antropova:

1. Continental model. Provides for the establishment of a rigid connection between the durationprofessional activities and level of social protection. The basis of the continental model are entitled to social insurance that is financed usually by the employer. The basis of its proceedings the principle of professional solidarity.
2. Anglo-Saxon model. It is based on the redistribution of income in favor of social groups that receive a smaller income than the other. The basis of this model is based on the principles of universality and unification. In other words, people can claim the same pensions, benefits and health care. In this case means not a professional, and national solidarity.
3. Nordic model. Social protection in this case is perceived as the legitimate rights of the citizen. Moreover, there is support in the event of a wide range of risks and situations that require support. On social services and payment of eligible residents, and it does not need to be busy at work or to pay insurance premiums.
4. South European model. Its feature is the lack of a clear organization and the existence of hell in transition.

Conclusion

Social categories differing in various countries and models. Each state uses its own approach for solving social problems, based on his experience, best practices and economic situation. Therefore, when you encounter a situation where it is necessary to reform the social sphere (as it is overdue in our country), we should not simply blindly follow foreign experience, but also to make amendments to the existing realities.

If to do without this phase of training, ultimately you can say that innovations have failed. And no wonder – how people in different countries have different standards of living, and not the choices of others, not taking a second thought, apply in our reality.