Electoral districts and precincts. The formation of the PEC

The Electoral districts and precincts represent areas in which that voting. They are created in accordance with constitutional, Federal, regional laws and municipal regulations. Let us further consider the formation of electoral districts, polling stations.

Characteristics

The Electoral districts and precincts have a number of distinctive features. First and foremost it should be noted that the vote in these areas is exercised by the citizens. This means that the formation of electoral districts, polling stations is not allowed on uninhabited land. It is necessary to note one caveat. As a constituency can only be the one area where Russian citizens live. In accordance with the legislation, the ballot is carried out directly. Norms provide rules that are subject to the distribution of polling stations for constituencies. It must be such that the first boundary does not go beyond the second.

Constituencies, areas of the Commission: the specifics

It is Necessary to note a number of features, characteristic of territories in which elections are carried out. The first thing to say is that the electoral districts and polling stations are created on the basis of different regulations. The order for the first set exclusively by the Federal constitutional law. Polling stations are formed by heads of local administrations of municipal districts not later than 45 days before the vote. When this is taken into account the data on the number of voters. Creating plots is in agreement with the commissions of not more than 3 thousand people in one territory.

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The Convening of the latter is carried out on the proposals from political parties, other public associations, the representative body of MO, meeting of citizens at the place of work, residence, study, or service. Creation of precinct election commissions is carried out upstream of the territorial structures. In accordance with the requirements of the legislation, the latter shall appoint not less than 1/2 of the total number of PEC members. Number of participants with a decisive vote depends on the number of voting citizens in a specific territory:

1. 1001 – 3-9 members.
2. From 1001 to 2001 – 7-12.
3. More than 2000 – 7-16.

Exceptions

The constituency and polling stations differ from each other on a territorial basis. First produced entirely in Russia. Precincts may be formed outside the country, in places of temporary residence of citizens, the remote and inaccessible areas, in military units, on ships at sea on voting day, at polar stations. Site for the expression of the will of the people are in foreign countries during elections to bodies of state power leadership, diplomatic missions or consulates. In this case, the requirement on the maximum number of voting citizens may not apply. In areas of temporary stay (in sanatoriums, hospitals, rest homes, etc.), in remote areas, on ships at sea, and at polar stations polling stations is made not later than 5 days before the date of the vote.

Classification

It only exists for districts. The distinction is made depending on the number of persons for whom a vote was taken. Thus, districts may be many - and single-member. In addition, the classification is based on the principle, which underlies their creation. According to this criterion, the district is divided into administrative-territorial and territorial. There is also an additional separation used electoral system. It may be majoritarian, proportional, mixed.

Characteristics

Call the single-member district in which one Deputy is chosen. Such areas are created when voting under a majority system. Will always be a single-member district in which voting for the President or the official MO. To vote may exhibit several candidates. In this case, the County will be multi-member. The Bulletin has several names, opposite which the citizen puts in the square mark (a tick). Elections are also held by the majority system. The difference is that the citizen as many votes as candidates on the ballot.

Generation Rules

Electoral districts formed in accordance with the data on the number of citizens registered in the territory. Their scheme is determined not later than 80 days before the vote. It marked the boundaries of the listed administrative-territorial units (MOE, settlements) are included in each district. If these regions are included only partially, this shall be indicated in the scheme. In addition, indicate the number of each district, the location of the commissions or only one of them, which bears the main powers, as well as the number of voters.Representative municipal/government Agency approves the scheme not later than 20 days before the end of the term of appointment of voting. However, he has the right to make adjustments to the scheme.

Electoral districts and polling stations of Moscow and Moscow region

The scheme is approved by the resolution of the regional Duma. In 2016, changes were made in regulations 2015 regulation. Were adjusted some of the addresses of polling stations. Krasnogorskaya electoral district 120, for example, includes the homonymous municipal district. In addition, it included Mr Istra with urban and rural settlements, such as Dedovsk, Istra, Pavlo-slobodskoe, of obushkovskoye, Ivanovskoe. Election districts and precincts of Moscow was not so diverse. First, as a rule, coincide geographically with AO. For example, constituency plot No. 58 is located in the Central DISTRICT, 2 Krasnoselsky lane, d. 18.

Voting in 2016 in Abkhazia

On the territory of the Republic was established on 9 plots. They were located in cities such as Sukhumi, Gagra, Pitsunda, Gudauta, Ochamchira, Tkuarchal, Gal, and also in p. Bambara. Some polling booths were assigned to the regions of the Russian Federation. For example, polling stations single-mandate constituency in the Daurian covered citizens, geographically located within such cities, as the Gal, Tkuarchal, Ochamchira, and the same areas.

Basic requirements

In the formation of districts should be performed under certain conditions. These include:

1. Respect for the approximate equality of single-member districts according to the number of voters with allowable deviation from the average rate of not more than 10% in remote areas – not more than 30%. A different rule is provided for the second category areas. In the formation of multi-member districts observed approximate equality of voting on the 1 mandate. It identifies the acceptable tolerances. They are – not more than 10% of the average rate multiplied by the number of seats in this constituency. For hard-to-reach, remote areas this figure increases to 15%.
2. When creating districts in areas of compact residence of indigenous peoples of the allowable deviation may be higher than specified in the legislation limit. The indicator should not be more than 40%.
3. Electoral district is formed in the same territory. Unacceptable the creation of areas that are not adjacent to each other. With the exception of enclave territories.

Subject to the last paragraph takes into account the administrative structure of the region or MO. A list of remote, inaccessible areas is determined by the legislation of the subject, which came into effect prior to the date of official publication of decision on assignment of voting.

Special cases

The above requirements may not be fulfilled if elections to the Federal bodies of state power, other state agencies, and the legislation sets out a mandatory formation for at least 1 constituency in the borders of each region of the Russian Federation. Along with this, the provisions of the first sentence may not be executed. In particular, this is allowed in the formation within the AO included in another region of the Russian Federation, electoral, electoral constituency, which includes the specified AO fully in the conduct of elections of deputies of representative (legislative) body of state power of the subject. If the implementation of the provisions of the first sentence would entail the creation of a site for voting, which will include parts of more than one MO, the permitted deviation from the average rate of not more than 20%. The same rule applies in cases where there is a possibility of formation of a district, which includes the area of one/several MO and part of another municipality. This provision refers to the creation of the territories to vote on the election of deputies of representative (legislative) Institute of state power of the region.

Details

Publication (publication) of the districts, including a graphic image, is assigned to the appropriate representative body of state/municipal government, the electoral Commission responsible for organizing elections. It is carried out no later than 5 days after approval. In the formation of multi-member constituencies number of seats that should be allocated to him should not exceed 5. This rule, however, there are exceptions. The restriction does not apply if the purpose of elections to bodies of territorial authorities of another MO in the district, formed within the polling station.

Conclusion

In General, the system of formation of electoral districts and polling stations is quite simple. When creating territories to vote the competent bodies are guided primarily by administrative division existing in the country. In addition, attention is directed to the number of citizens living in a particular locality.Polling stations are always smaller districts. They can be created not only directly in Russia but also abroad.

Also allowed the formation of plots on vessels in navigation (they are included in the districts at the place of registry of the ship). Voting is also done in military units, at polar stations. These precincts included in the district by their location. In the organization of elections the competent authorities are aiming to cover a larger number of people. In order for constituents to know where they should exercise their right, published on the layouts of the plots. Overseas voting is organized on the territory of diplomatic missions and consulates.