"Dark Kingdom" Ostrovsky "the Storm". Representatives of the "dark Empire"

Works of A. N. Ostrovsky is at the origin of our national drama. Fonvizin, Griboyedov, and Gogol began the creation of the great Russian theatre. With the advent of Ostrovsky's plays, with the blossoming of his talent and mastery of the dramatic arts rose to new heights. No wonder a critic of Odoevsky noted that by Ostrovsky in Russian literature was only 3 dramas: “Minor”, “Woe from wit” and “Inspector”. The play “is Bankrupt” he called the fourth, stressing that it is the last missing cornerstone, on which is erected the majestic “building” of the Russian theater.

“Bankrupt” to “Thunderstorm”

Yes, it's Comedy ‘Its people – hit” (another name for the "Bankrupt") begins widespread popularity of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky, playwright, who United in his work and skillfully refashioned the best traditions of ‘natural’ school – socio-psychological, and satirical. Becoming ‘Columbus.”, he revealed to the world hitherto unknown layer of Russian life – and the average small merchant class and the petty bourgeoisie, reflected his identity, showed how strong a bright, clean characters and the bleak harsh reality of the world of haggling, hypocrisy, lack of high aspirations and ideals. It happened in 1849. And already in his first significant play, the writer outlines touches a special type of personality that he will have to appear again and again: from Samson Silych Big Titus Titico Bruskowo of “In a strange feast hangover” and then, to Martha the I. Kabanova and Sabel the Wild Prokopevich of “Thunderstorm” - type of tyrant, named very accurately and succinctly and included, thanks to the playwright, in our circulation. Fit into this category the people that completely violate the logical and the moral, ethical norms of human society. “the Tyrants of Russian life” named a critic Dobrolyubov Wild and the wild boar representing the “dark realm" in the play Ostrovsky “Storm”.

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Tyranny as a socio-typological phenomenon

Will look in more detail this phenomenon. Why be petty? Primarily from realizing their own full and absolute power, complete leveling of the interests and opinions of others in comparison with self, feelings of impunity and lack of resistance from the victims. And this shows ‘the dark realm" in the play Ostrovsky “Storm”. Wild and Kabanov – the richest residents of a small provincial town of Kalinov, located on the banks of the Volga. Money allows them to experience personal significance and significance. They give them and the authority – over his household, over other people, in some dependent people and wider – over public opinion in the city. “prove” Ostrovsky “Storm” is terrible in that it destroys or mangles the slightest manifestation of protest, any breath of freedom and independence. Tyranny – the flip side of slavery. Equally corrupting it themselves as “masters”, and those who depend on them, poisoning its noxious breath all spheres of public life of Russia. Therefore, by definition, Dobrolyubova, “prove” Ostrovsky “Storm” and is synonymous with tyranny.

The Conflict of the drama

Possessing a deep understanding of reality, the writer was able to depict the most significant and meaningful of her. In the pre-reform 1859 he was under the impressions of travel across the Volga river in 1856-1857 he creates the play, later recognized as one of the best of his creations, – drama “Storm”. What's interesting: just a month after the play was over, in the Kostroma events occurred, as the scenario reproducing a literary work. What does this mean? About how precisely felt and guessed Alexander the conflict and how realistic are reflected “prove” the piece “Storm”.

Ostrovsky is not in vain as the main conflict chose the main contradiction of Russian life – the clash between the conservative beginning, based on Patriarchal traditions formed over centuries and is based on unquestioned authority, morals and prohibitions, on the one hand, and on the other – the beginning of a rebellious, creative and alive with personality need to break stereotypes, to go forward in spiritual development. Because not only Wild and Kabanicha embody the “dark realm” the piece “Storm”. Ostrovsky makes clear that the slightest uctovnictvo him, connivance and acquiescence automatically takes the person to the rank of accomplices.

Philosophy of “dark realm”

From the very first lines of the play in our consciousness burst into two elements: a free Volga expanses, wonderful vistas, wide horizons and the stifling, condensed atmosphere of pregroove, tedious wait any shocks and thirst for updates. Representatives of “dark realm” the piece “Storm” terrible cataclysms of nature, seeing in them the manifestation of God's wrath and futurepunishment for sins-the obvious and the imaginary. Insists on this all the time Marfa Ignatyevna, echoes and Wild. At the request of Kuligin to donate money for the construction of a lightning rod for citizens it accuses: "the Storm of de is given as a punishment, and you, so-and-so, from the sixth Lord I want to defend." This remark clearly shows the philosophy, which hold the representatives of the “dark realm” the piece “Storm”: you can't resist that dominated for centuries, it is impossible to go against the will or punishment from above, humility and obedience must remain ethical norms of modernity. What's interesting: they themselves are the main tyrants Kalinovo not only truly believe in this order of things, but also recognize him as the only correct one.

A Bigot under the guise of virtue

“Dark realm" in the play by A. N. Ostrovsky “Storm” has many faces. But the pillars of his in the first place are Wild and Kabanov. Marfa Ignatyevna, a portly merchant's wife, the mistress of the house, behind a high fence which poured invisible tears going on and humiliation of human dignity and free will, called in the play by far is a prude. Talk about it: "Poor apportion the alms, going to Church, devoutly baptized, and home eating eating, sharpening, rust like iron." The external laws of antiquity she tries to follow in all things, while not particularly caring about their internal contents. Kabanicha knows that Junior must obey the senior and require all blind obedience. When parting with Catherine Tikhon before his departure, she makes that bow at the feet of the husband, and the son – to give her strict orders how to behave. There ‘mother to obey” and “the guys not to admire” and many other “requests”. And all present understand varovasti situation, its falsity. And only Marfa Ignatyevna revels in his mission. A crucial role in the tragedy of Catherine played too, it warped the character of the son, ruining family life for him, abused soul itself and forcing Catherine to make a fateful step from the banks of the Volga into the abyss.

Lies in law

“Dark realm" in the drama, A. N. Ostrovsky “Storm” - tyranny in its highest manifestation. Katerina, comparing life in her family and in her husband's family, notices a crucial difference: everything here is like “from the occupation». And it's true. Either you obey inhuman rules of the game, or you will be obliterated. Kuligin directly declares that the manners of the city “brutal”. Who is rich, he tries to enslave the poor to their pennies to increase the condition. The same Wild courage over addicted to it Boris: "are you Going to please me, so give the inheritance!" But to please the tyrant impossible, and the fate of the unfortunate Boris and his sister predetermined. They will remain humiliated and insulted, powerless and defenseless. Is there a way out? Is: to lie, to Dodge, as long as possible. Does sister Tikhon – a barbarian. Its moral principles are simple: do what you want, just no one noticed “Yes, hush hush” was. And when Katerina objects that can not lie, can not lie, Barbara tells her simply, "And I don't know how, but it was necessary – learned!"

Curley, Barbara and others

And that generally represent sacrifice “dark realm" of the drama, A. N. Ostrovsky “Storm”? People with a broken destiny, souls maimed, mutilated moral world. The same Tikhon by nature kind, gentle man. The tyranny of the mother killed in it the beginnings of their own will. He can't resist her pressure, can not resist and finds solace in drinking. To support his wife, be her side, to protect against the tyranny of kabanovskaya is also beyond him. At the instigation of his mother, he has Katherine, though, and regrets it. And only the death of his wife causes him to openly blame the mother, but it is clear that very quickly the fuse will pass and everything will remain the same.

Quite another thing another male character – Vanya Kudryash. That his words do not climb, gives back to everyone and even “piercing” Wild pulls rudeness. However, this character is ruined martvasi the influence of “dark realm". Curley – a copy of Wild, but not yet in force, not zamaterevshy. Time will pass and he will be worthy of his master. Barbara, who became a liar and tolerate the oppression of the mother, eventually runs away from home. Lying has become second nature to her, and because the heroine arouses our sympathy and compassion. Timid Kuligin rarely dare to protect ourselves from tyrants cheek “dark realm". In fact, no one but Catherine, too, by the way, the victim does not have sufficient hardness to throw this "Kingdom" of the call.

Why Katherine?

The Only hero of this work, who lacks the moral resolve to condemn the life and customs of “dark realm" in the play by A. N. Ostrovsky “Storm”, is Katerina. Her naturalness, sincerity, hot impetuosity, do not allow inspiration to come to terms with the arbitrariness and violence, to take dictated more times with domestic etiquette. Katerina I want to love, to enjoy life, to experience the natural feelings, to be open to the world. Likethe bird, she wants to get off the ground, deadening life and flying in the sky. She's religious, but not in kabanovskaya. Her straightforward nature breaks in two, the contradiction between duty towards her husband, the love of Boris and awareness of their sinfulness before God. And all of this is deeply, sincerely, from the depths of the heart. Yes, Catherine is also a victim of “dark realm". However, she managed to break his shackles. Shook age-old foundations. And was able to show the way to others – not only his death, but a protest at all.