Aircraft myasishcheva: projects aircraft

The Name of the outstanding Soviet aircraft designer Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev has received wide acclaim in the mid-sixties of the last century. It was during this period the aircraft was first shown to the public.

V. M. Myasischev passed all stages of formation aircraft. His working career he began as a draftsman after completing her chief designer.

The Myasishchev Aircraft (photo can be seen in this article) were essential for the Soviet Union.

It was caused by the advent of nuclear weapons. Dropping nuclear bombs on Japan the US told the world about the beginning of the new atomic era, to assert its superiority. However, after the emergence of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union before the country's leadership stood up the important issue of delivery of atomic bombs to the territory of a potential enemy. To cope with this problem helped the Soviets developed the aircraft myasishcheva.

First meeting with aviation

The Myasishchev, Vladimir M. was born 28.09.1902 in the town of Yefremov, in Tula province. In his childhood he was a normal kid, not having any interest in the technology. At the age of 11, Vladimir enrolled in the local real school, where he studied program with a mathematical bent.

During the Civil war, Efremov stopped a squad of military pilots, bound for the southern front. Vladimir, who had seen before that the only aircraft on the coffee pictures got a good look at the "steel birds" in the flesh and even had the opportunity to touch them. Later this event Myasishchev described in his memoirs. He pointed out that the meeting with planes made on him was so lasting impression that determined the rest of his life.

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The College years

In 1920, Vladimir Myasischev arrived in Moscow, enrolling at the faculty of mechanical engineering the Moscow Higher Technical school. His studies he combined with the work of the draftsman on the Scientific and experienced airfield Air Force. There he first tried himself in the role of the designer. Experience in the design of aircraft received at this place of work, handy Vladimir in his future career.

Graduation project Myasishchev relate to the topic of all-metal fighters. It was what he had in his engineering activities were not engaged at all. In those years in the USSR there was only one all-metal aircraft ANT-3, which was the brainchild of A. N. Tupolev. This confirms the novelty and complexity chosen by Maximiim topics. However, despite this, his diploma Vladimir defended successfully.

Beginning of the work

After graduation, Myasishchev became a member of the Central Hydrodynamic Institute. His immediate supervisor in TSAGI was Vladimir Petlyakov, who headed the Department of the wing. Here Vladimir M. took an active part for many applications. He designed the wings for the bombers models TB 1 and TB 3, and also designed for these aircraft bomb Bay doors. And in this period, the Myasishchev managed to show himself as a very talented designer, combining his duties with scientific research.

New proposal

The Work of a young designer interested in A. N. Tupolev. Famous aircraft designer suggested hard-working and talented Myasishchev management of the Department of experimental aircraft. In this post, Vladimir received the task to design a torpedo. It was the first aircraft myasishcheva. The torpedo, which had some original design solutions, successfully tested. However, when making one of the flights the plane crashed. The existence of this torpedo was completed.

Experience

In the 30-ies of the 20 century, Soviet designers could not offer reliable aircraft. Then the Soviet government decided to buy the advanced passenger aircraft DC 3 in America. Its design can be used in two directions – passenger and cargo. V. M. Myasischev was part of the Commission receiving the plane and then he was assigned a study of the drawings of the aircraft and the translation of inch-to-metric. However, the case was never brought to an end.

Years

In 1938, Myasishchev was arrested and placed in closed engineering offices, which were prison. The official name this place – TSKB 29 NKVD. This Bureau arrested aircraft designers worked on the creation of aircraft. Myasishchev worked here under the direct supervision Petlyakov. Before them was tasked to design a fighter.

In these difficult prison conditions were created by the second aircraft myasishcheva - altitude long-range bomber. This project was seen by the government, which has allowed Vladimir Mikhailovich to run my own design office. And in 1938 the world saw a new work project. It was the Myasishchev aircraft – a distant high-altitude bomber DVB-102. New to this aircraft, there were several areas:

- hermetic cabin, which housed 4pilot;

- a large six-meter bomb Bay;

cannon, which could be carried out remotely.

In 1940 from TSKB 29 NKVD Myasishchev was transferred to Omsk without having the right to leave. In this city, the aircraft continued the design of the DBV-102. The first car of this model was built in 1941, showing good speed and height during the tests. Less expected, only the range of the bomber, which was not made to be mass produced. However, the government noted the work of the designer, giving him the state prize.

After a plane crash killed the V. M. Petlyakov, Myasishchev continued his case for the establishment of a dive bomber. During the war years at the Kazan factory, where the designer worked with a part he created the KB, there were about ten modifications of the aircraft.

Postwar years

Despite the fact that for their productive work Myasishchev was awarded the order of Suvorov and had the rank of major-General, his design Bureau in 1946, was disbanded. Vladimir began working with Dean, leading aircraft manufacturer faculty of the Moscow Aviation Institute. Here he read for students course "Design and aircraft design”.

Years work in MAI Myasishchev dedicated to preparing young engineers. Here he continued to engage in the design of airplanes. His plans included the design of the far jet strategic bomber. To his work he attracted students by offering them the necessary topics course and diploma works. The resulting project was approved by the Ministry of aviation industry. Myasishchev proposed again to become the head of a private KB.

Creation of strategic bombers

The New CB myasishcheva began its existence in 1951 Vladimir immediately regained all the designers had worked with in previous years. In the subordination of the CB was given to the aviation plant No. 22. Shop this production were in Fili.

The Aircraft Myasishchev was developed using fundamentally new ideas. They concerned the aerodynamics and layout of the aircraft. So, these planes were provided “bike” chassis. They were the two main struts on the fuselage and two small uprights at the ends of the wings. Less than a year of existence of the CB to the factory had sent about 55,000 drawings.

A Test of the strategic bomber

It is Worth saying that the designation, which was received all created after the war, the aircraft myasishcheva, - “M”. And the first of them was made in 1952, In October it passed its first ground tests on the airfield Zhukovsky. The only big disadvantage of the aircraft, which was created in record time (just 22 months) is a significant fuel consumption. However, the point was its engine, which designed KB A. A. Mikulin.

The First Soviet strategic jet bomber first flew in the sky 20.01.1953 city, easily breaking away from the runway. These aircraft Myasishchev was named M 4. Pilots flew them, pointed out the ease of piloting, and aircraft – ease of use.

Improving the model

Despite the good reviews, V. M. Myasischev did not stop there. He continued the improvement of M 4. In just two months the engineers of his design Bureau developed and delivered to the factory more than seven thousand drawings, allowed to gather new modification of the bomber. It was an airplane Myasishchev M 3. Testing a new bomber took place in spring 1956 at the airfield in Zhukovsky. But the air there was a problem with the management, and refused one of the engines. However, the test pilot M. L. Halley was able to land the aircraft Myasishchev M 3 on the runway. On earth the problem was quickly found and corrected.

After this, the aircraft myasishcheva M3 (photo below) was transferred into serial production. This aircraft had improved aerodynamics and was the main bomber in the Soviet Union.

The Planes of M 4 have undergone changes in design and began to serve as air tankers for transport of the entire long-range aircraft.

At the same time with the modification and improvement of already created bombers, developed projects related to the development of strategic aviation. It was a model airplane Myasishchev 31, 32, and 34.

Modification 31 and 31 represented the bombers with subsonic flying speed. The model 32 was supersonic. Aircraft M 34 had the highest performance. His maximum possible speed of 1350 kilometers per hour.

All of the studies conducted for these projects became the basis for the outstanding performance KB myasishcheva on the development of supersonic missiles «Buran-40”.

Passenger transportation

Simultaneously with the establishment of military bombers KB V. Myasishchev was engaged in the development of the peaceful aircraft. Unfortunately, the projects of passenger aircraft design Bureau and has not received further development.

Aircraft M 50

Next, the Soviet government instructed the Vladimir Mikhailovich new job. It was an airplane Myasishchev M 50, which has become a supersonic strategic bomber. Prior to this period in the world of aviation is nothing like that and not even designed.

The Plane M 50 had a high degree of automation, reducing crew size to two people. In the rest of the bomber was very successful. The only weak spot was the engine. In those days in the USSR, this important detail has no aircraft of sufficient power, reliability and a long service life. In addition, all manufactured in the country, the engines consumed too much fuel. Could not find a suitable unit and aircraft Myasishchev and his M 50 aircraft was unable to achieve supersonic speed. This was the main reason why the good project of Vladimir Mikhailovich closed. The plane of 50 M was used for experimental purposes. It felt all kinds of innovations. The last time M 50 rose into the air at a military parade in Tushino. Immediately after this flight it was transferred to the Museum of the city of Monino.

Another outstanding project KB myasishcheva was a supersonic bomber M 52. However, as in the previous case, this plane was not needed for his engine. In the sky this bomber was not up.

The pilot plant

In 1967, Vladimir Mikhailovich was waiting for a new appointment. It was approved for the position of chief of the experimental machine-building plant production capacity was located in Zhukovsky. Worked here a small KB for which the Myasishchev reassembles the engineering team. Only after this Vladimir M. undertook the development of multi-mode supersonic strategic bomber. In parallel with his KB like the job performed teams of the P. O. Sukhoi and A. N. Tupolev.

By Maximiim was proposed a fundamentally new scheme of the wing with variable sweep. Earlier, a similar design was available at the aircraft P. O. Sukhov and American models. However, all previous versions had a very short part of the tiltable wing. The project of V. M. Myasishchev was superior to all others. This design solution was used by A. N. Tupolev. After all, a very successful was that it was designed by Myasishchev. The Tu-160 was eventually almost entirely constructed on the basis of aircraft Vladimir Mikhailovich.

BEP under the leadership of the Myasishchev designed, and then built the aircraft for the destruction of balloons in the stratosphere. It was a plane M 17, is capable of speeds up to seven hundred kilometers per hour rising to a height of twenty-two thousand meters.

An Invaluable contribution to the development of aircraft

Vladimir M. Myasishchev was to target only the unbeaten paths. A person with boundless engineering technical courage and the gift of foresight, had a wonderful organizational skills, captivating their unusual solutions to the whole team CB.

The answer to the question about how to measure the contribution of the designer in the history of aviation after watching the movie “Myasishchev, a few planes and the whole life” (2010).

Each of the works of Vladimir Mikhailovich was a breakthrough in the future. And, despite the fact that from a large number of projects were brought only somewhat, each aircraft myasishcheva entered the history of our aviation.

Vladimir died 14.10.1978 G., almost a month after his semidesyatiletiyu. More than half a century gave Myasischev aircraft. Over the years they had grown many worthy students. Most of them, and today continues to work in aviation.

The Creative path of Vladimir Mikhailovich is a shining example for aspiring designers, and his approach to leadership can serve as a model for those who today heads research and development organizations.