July 12, 1889, signed the "regulations on Zemsky chiefs". It began to operate in 40 provinces of our country, most of which land was owned by landlords. They were created by the territorial sites. This article will highlight the aspects of the work of their superiors, endowed in those days the big powers.
The Predecessors of the rural chiefs is considered to be the world's mediators, whose main task was the enforcement of the provisions on the peasantry, adopted in 1861. These people were also given the situation arising out of the established order, land relations between landowners and peasants. Over time the number of conciliators has been reduced, their institution was in need of immediate transformation.
In 1874 the position was abolished and new: a district for peasant Affairs presence. Uncomfortable side the work of this organization was revealed very quickly. Members of the County presence could not cope with their responsibilities, the municipalities were rioting, taxes were going carelessly and not in time, there have been cases of theft of sums of money. These assumptions have led to the emergence of the rural chiefs (1889 is the starting point of their work).
The need for the introduction of a new position due to the fact that in Russia there was no power close to the people. The Institute of rural chiefs could enter only persons belonging to the local nobility. The seekers have made special demands. They had to own a certain property (land or other real estate). The head of the provincial land could become, only having a higher education.
Recommended
"Knowledge is light and ignorance is darkness": the value, meaning and alternatives
There are some sayings that would seem to need no explanation, such as “teaching & ndash; light and ignorance – darkness”. But some still do not understand their meaning. But not only for such people is written by our article. I...
What was invented by Mendeleev for the army. The history and fate of the invention
D. I. Mendeleev was a brilliant Russian scientist-polymath, who made many important discoveries in various fields of science and technology. Many people know that he is the author of “Fundamentals of chemistry" and the periodic law of chem...
The origin of the Slavs. The influence of different cultures
Slavs (under this name), according to some researchers, appeared in the story only in 6 century ad. However, the language of nationality bears the archaic features of the Indo-European community. This, in turn, suggests that the origin of the Slavs h...
If the candidates fulfilling the above requirements will not enough, on the appointed nobles, not having the necessary education, which has had military or civil service. But in such cases they had to have a much higher property qualification. The Minister of the interior had the authority to bypass all of the conditions to join the ranks of Zemstvo chiefs of sections of local representatives of the nobility.
The provincial chiefs had the right to a gold plated chain to wear a special sign. It was a circle, one side of which was depicted the coat of arms of Russia, framed by the title of the position. On the other side of the sign was adorned with the inscription, indicating the date of approval of the Statute on Zemstvo chiefs.
People who exercise power in the rural areas, also had a special seal that serves as a confirmation of their assigned authority.
The provincial chiefs were endowed with administrative rights:
These powers were valid only in rural areas.
Zemstvo chiefs performed some work of the magistrate. They might consider a particular case of civilians:
The Representatives of this profession have also been empowered to judge certain criminal cases. These people were cognizable violations of the law are subject to a fine of 300 rubles; criminal acts, which could receive a prison term within twelve months.
The Law on Zemstvo chiefs gave these people special privileges in courts functioning in the parish. They had the right to control the activities of the judiciary. However, the repeal of the decisions of County courts to the representatives of this profession were not entitled.
The Status of district commanders with the years became more and more important. Counting on them as the main Executive power in the field planned important things in the state.
To oversee the redistribution of land received by the peasants in the property reforms of the 1860-ies, was issued a corresponding decree. It was valid only in the provinces where Zemstvo functioned areas. In these areas, according to the particular situation in 1899 was ordered to the process of levying taxes from the accountant of the population.
An Important role was allotted to the representatives of this profession in Agrarian reform. The government in 1906 made it easier for the peasants to withdraw from the community. They were given the opportunity to secure acultivated his own land. Control over execution of this decree on the ground were the provincial chiefs. The activities of these people led to the success of the Agrarian reform.
The Heads of Zemstvo plots during his tenure were the judges and administrators in one person. To date, the importance of their profession continues to receive mixed reviews and to be of interest to various studies.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/11772-the-activities-of-zemstvo-chiefs.html
BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/21062-dzeynasc-zemsk-h-nachal-n-ka.html
DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/21068-die-t-tigkeit-der-kommunalen-chefs.html
ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/21086-las-actividades-de-los-jefes-del-zemstvo.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/11786-zemstvo.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/11786-zemstvo.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/21053-yzmet-zemskih-basty-tary.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/21023-dzia-alno-s-d-w-ziemskich-grodzkich-i-powiatowych.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/21027-a-atividade-zemskih-superiores.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/21065-faaliyetleri-il-e-binas-efleri.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/21047-d-yal-n-st-zems-kih-nachal-nik-v.html
ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/12542-the-activities-of-zemstvo-chiefs.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
Related News
The geographical location of the taiga. Geography of taiga
Taiga – this is a significant forest area. The geographical location of the taiga is quite extensive-it occupies the Northern part of Asia, Canada, the Far East and Europe. Climate, flora and fauna in this area is quite dive...
Balkan countries and their path to independence
the Balkan region is often called the "powder keg" of Europe. And not by accident. In the twentieth century there was an outbreak of wars and conflicts of different scale. Yes and the First world war began here, after Sarajevo was...
The structure of the cell of a living organism
we Can say that living organisms-is a complex system that performs various functions necessary for normal functioning. They are composed of cells. Therefore, are divided into unicellular and multicellular. What cell is the basis o...
Morality and law: similarities and differences (comparison)
it is Known that any legal norms are the product of morality and moral principles. But today morality and law? Similarities and differences of these two categories will appear in our article.rightWhat you should know before you st...
School of human relations as a new form of management to scientific management
At the turn of the 30-ies of XX century in the West began to form the first prerequisites for the creation of new schools of human relations, which would complement the development of the classical and scientific schools of manage...
The Convention is a meeting or form of contract? Understand the question
the Term “Convention” it seems quite recognizable, however, to determine its value is not always easy. The Convention – this word includes different meanings that are close to each other and at the same time diff...
Comments (0)
This article has no comment, be the first!