What is the conclusion? It is a certain form of thinking and the only correct conclusion. The reality is that in the process of learning it becomes clear that claims are prompted by evidence, not all are true, but only a certain part of them.
To establish the full truth is usually a thorough investigation to clearly identify the issues, relate with each other already established the truth, dosobirat facts necessary to make tests, test all along the way encountered guesses and display the final result. Here it is - the conclusion.
In logic, a form of thinking looks not only from true propositions - one or more - subject to certain rules extraction yields the following new proposition, which follows directly from the previous.
So what is conclusion and what is it made? Of judgments (packages), opinions (new judgments) and the logical relationships between propositions and the conclusion. The logical rules by which appears the output point to a logical connection. In other words, the conclusion (any) consists of a simple or complex judgments, which equip the mind with new knowledge. The same judgment, if acknowledged as true and can give birth to a new synthesis, called the truth of the conclusions.
The Judgment, obtained by processing the parcels where the work methods of inference, called the inference (and, or imprisonment, or logical consequence). Let's see how are judgment and reasoning. Formal logic sets forth the rules that a true conclusion. How is deduced the conclusion? The examples we give several assumptions.
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For example you can easily understand that such a conclusion and what is its relationship with the proposition (judgment). Importantly, the parcel was a true, otherwise a false conclusion. Another condition of the connection between the judgment must be according to the logic of properly structured to gradually and unmistakably build way further - from premises to conclusion.
The Division into groups is made after verification of the degree of generality of propositions.
The First group of inferences is built to the particular and from the unit, if it is equal to the total. That is, in any case, the method single: from the General to the particular. Deductive reasoning called deductio - "withdrawal" (from the General rules, the investigation moves to the particular case). Working on the logical deduction of any judgments of unions: categorical reasoning, separation and categorical and conditional separation. They all received the deductive method.
Deduction begin to study with the most typical forms, and it is a categorical inference is a syllogism, which translated from Greek means "back-counting rules.". Here begins its analysis of the arguments that arise from judgments and concepts.
The Study of complex mental structures always starts with the simplest elements. All human reasoning in everyday life or in a professional environment - the same conclusions, even indefinitely long chain of reasoning - each derives new knowledge from existing ones.
Environment - nature - has given to mankind a little more than an animal, but on this Foundation grew up gorgeous to the enormous size of the building where a person learns and space, and elementary particles and high education, and the depth of the ocean valleys, and extinct languages and ancient civilizations. None of the available knowledge would not be obtained if humanity was given the ability to build a conclusion.
To Extract conclusions from the information received - not the whole mind in full, but without it man can not live a day. The most important aspect of the human mind - the ability to understand reasoning and the ability to build. Even the most simple phenomena and objects require application of the mind: waking up, look at the thermometer outside the window and if the mercury dropped to -30, dress accordingly. It would seem that we do it without thinking. However, the only information that appeared is the temperature. Hence the conclusion: frost on the street, although it is nothing but a thermometer, not confirmed. Maybe we won't be cold in a summer dress? Where is the knowledge? Naturally, this chain of efforts of the mind requires. And additional packages too. These are immediate inferences. Smart man can have the maximum information from the minimum knowledge and anticipate the situation with all the consequences of their actions. A good example is Sherlock Holmes and his loyal Watson. Syllogisms also composed of two or more parcels and also are classified based on the nature of the constituent judgments. There are simple and complex, short and slozhnosmeshannye syllogisms.
As shown above, the direct inference is a conclusion that can be derived from a single parcel. By transformation, circulation, opposition creates an inference logically. Transformation - a change in the quality of the parcel without changing the number. Judgment in the bundle is reversed, and the statement (predicate) - a notion entirely contrary conclusion. Examples:
The same appeals reversed the subject and predicate in complete subjection to the rule of distribution of terms in judgments. Treatment is pure (simple) and with the restriction.
The Opposition - direct inference, where the subject becomes the predicate, and is a concept totally contrary to the original judgment. Thus, the bundle is reversed. You can consider the opposition as a result, after-treatment and transformation.
Conclusion logically - the same kind of immediate inferences where the conclusions are based on logical square.
Deductive categorical inference - that is, where two true judgments, the conclusion follows. Concepts, being a part of the syllogism, are denoted by the terms. A simple categorical syllogism has three terms:
Forms of the syllogism, which differ by the middle term (M) in the premises, called figures of categorical syllogism. There are four shapes, each with its own rules.
Each figure may be several modes (it's different syllogisms the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the premises and conclusions). In the end, the figures of the syllogism are nineteen correct modes, each of which has its own Latin name.
To the conclusion in the syllogism turned out true, you need to use true assumptions, to honor the rules of the figures and a simple categorical syllogism. Methods of reasoning require compliance with the following rules:
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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