What is the polysemy of the word? The value

Each word has a lexical meaning. This is what we imagine in your mind when you hear or read it.

For Example, concepts such as ‘autumn, leaf fall”.

Some words lexical meaning is one. For example, “leaf fall” – the unique token. But “autumn” – a two-digit concept. One of which – directly time of year, and another – the period of life when he begins to age. Such words are called polysemous.

Multiple words

This is a lexical concept, which refers to the ability of words to denote different phenomena that exist in the world. Below this the following examples:

• Beach – part of the land, in contact with water (the sea shore); the earth, the mainland (off shore); the loss of self-control (“the banks do not see” – figurative meaning).
• Height – the length of something from bottom-up (with the height of its growth); the length vertically from any point to another (height of ceiling); the place above the surrounding space, the hill (take the height); skill level (the height of achievement); quality of the audio tone (pitch); meeting the most stringent requirements (“rose to the occasion in this situation,” – portable).
• The Character – people who have shown selflessness for the sake of others (a war hero); the one who arouses admiration and desire to imitate (a hero of our time); the main character of the artwork (the novel's characters).

• The Soul – the essence of inhabiting a body material beings (transmigration of souls); the inner world of man (“soul seeks"); human nature (simple or wide shower); the mastermind (the soul of our struggle); everyone's favorite (the soul of the company); persons, whose number count ( children six souls); serf (dowry – thirty-shower); a call to the other party (“tell me, my soul"); anxiety (“for the soul takes”); the bureaucrat (“the soul of paper"); subconscious (deep down); the inspiration, excitement or boredom, ennui (which is without soul, singing with the soul).

The ambiguity of the word implies the development of language. Use in different situations and circumstances, one name leads to the formation of additional lexical meanings.

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The Ambiguity of words (polysemy) is a unity of multiple values in a single sound.

The Figurative meaning of polysemantic words

Some values of the word are figurative. Unlike a direct sense, they are secondary and are formed on the basis of any resemblance to the original concept. For example, the word “brush” immediate value – part of the arm, dividing into constituent elements. This semantics goes to other items that are entity composed of separate pieces: paint brush, grapevine brush.

The Ambiguity of words related to other lexical linguistic concepts. For example, synonymy:

• Bloody sunset (red);
• Ice water (cold);
• Fiery temper (hot);
• Herbal color (green);
• Pearl clouds (white with a hint of grey);
• Crystal honesty (flawless);
• Light Breakfast (low-calorie);
• Binge drinking (continuous).

Antonymy (the phenomenon that words have the opposite meaning) is also associated with the concept called ‘ambiguous”. The words given below can serve as examples:

• Wingless-spirited personality;
• Stale – a good man;
• Impersonal mass – a bright personality;
• Limited opportunities – the latitude of choice;
• Chronic depression – a fleeting discouragement.

The transfer of the value in form

Transfer of values, in which appears the ambiguous words, language forms on the basis of similarities, for example, in the form:

• A rooster's comb & ndash; ridge;
• Telegraph pole – a cloud of dust;
• The baby's legs-table legs;
• A haystack – head of hair;
• The sickle for the harvest – Crescent moon;
• Burning fire-the fire of autumn leaves;
• The darkness of the night – darkness in the minds of;
• The ring on your finger – Garden ring;
• Royal crown-crown braid on the head;
• Light stars – light eyes;
• The Kingdom – the realm of ignorance.

Transfer of values by color

Observing the varied phenomena, people notice the similarity of objects by color. Such a process also leads to the emergence of portable values.

Metaphor

The Polysemy of Russian words enriches the language the possibility of using the means of artistic expression. Depending on how committed the transfer of the value, vary the metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche.

Metaphor – the means of expression language, which is characterized by the transfer of the value according to the similarity of shape, color or other characteristics:

• Color – Golden autumn;
• Location – the tail of the aircraft;
• On functions – the wipers of the car;
• In the form – peaks;
• The nature of the action – the storm is crying.

Analyze a poem written based on the painting of V. Perov “Unequal marriage”.

The Dew of tears from your eyes sad

Shine on the satin cheeks.

Candle wedding

Happiness is Buried in your chest.

This sad picture will help us in the study of metaphor as a means of expression.

In the first line of the poem is a metaphor – “the dew". This word has a value of “water droplets on the grass and leaves". But neither grass nor leaves in the picture there, and drops – the tears of the unfortunate bride. In this case we are dealing with a hidden comparison – a metaphor.

In the second sentence, metaphor – the word “petals”, which on this canvas, again, no. There's a girl-bride, whose cheeks (cheeks) are compared with the delicate flower.

In addition to metaphors in that sentence has the epithet ‘satin’. It is a figurative definition also contains a figurative sense, that is, calls that which is not. The word has a direct meaning "made of smooth and soft fabrics”. And in relation to ‘petals LANIT” it is used in a figurative sense.

Epithets so similar to metaphors in their function, differs from them in that they are adjectives and answer the questions “what? what? what? what? what? what?” etc.

Metaphors – nouns or verbs. In the last sentence of this tool are expressed with the word “buried”, which has direct significance – “process of burial of a deceased person”. But this picture depicts the moment of the wedding. Then word says what is not, thus, it has a figurative meaning. Thus, the author of forever saying goodbye to my hope to be happy, that is to marry his girlfriend. Perhaps it is metaphorically expressed as a young man, shown to the right of the bride.

Metonymy

The Figurative meaning can be formed at the adjacency of the objects, it means that the word has the ability to identify not only “your” the object or phenomenon, but associated with it in some way. Below this...