What are the parts of a plant and what functions do they perform?

The nature surrounding us, there is a great variety of plants that make up the whole Kingdom. Botanists assume that their on Earth more than 350 thousand views! And if you count still unknown to science, yearly studies, and more. But in spite of such species and external diversity, all of the green inhabitants of the planet have a common structure. What are the parts of a plant? The answer to this question can be learned by comparing together the various representatives of terrestrial and marine vegetation.

What are the parts of a plant?

Take any of the herbaceous flora, for example – violet. What are the parts of a plant of this type? First, it is a soft stem. Many herbs – is an annual, that is, after deposition of the seed the plant dies (in the first place dries up the stem). Another type-shrubs, for example, take the hips. Instead of the stem of the plants – several trunks, which are much harder than the herbaceous. The third type of plants-trees, for example oak. It has one hard and large trunk (sometimes branched), covered with bark. All other types of plants according to the structure converge.

What parts do plants have?

List them in order:

• Root;
• Stem (or trunk, or multiple trunks);
• Leaves;
• Colors;
• Fruits.

Let's look at the objects, what parts of the plant, in detail.

Root

Why the need For the root to each representative of the earth's flora? First, this support, which uses the plant to hold in the soil. And the second, no less important element-nutrition. Through the root is absorption of nutrients and water from the soil. The roots of some plants live for 500 years or more. Shrubs – up to 20. From herbaceous plants-many annuals, but some of them were up to 15-20 years.

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What parts do plants have? First and foremost it's roots. They live in the soil and help the body to grow, nourish it, sucking minerals out of the soil. The roots contain thousands mikrobiolosko. The roots of some plants have the form of a rod (rod). The large root from which then branch off small. Sometimes it deepens into the soil for tens of meters in search of water and nutrients. Other representatives of the Kingdom of many equal roots, which form puchkovatye root system (e.g. many grasses).

Not all plants have roots located in the soil. Some tropical species (e.g. orchids) and they hang directly from the air absorb moisture. And ivy attaches its aerial roots to trees or walls.

Stem/trunk

The Main part of the plant-the stem (grasses) or trunk (of trees). It should be noted that the trunks are pretty big variety, but have similar functions and characteristics. In higher plants this is the lengthened escape. One of its main functions-supporting. It has branches, leaves, buds, flowers. As the trunk or stem acts as a bridge between leaves and roots, the features of it this way – wired. From the rhizomes of water with minerals on the trunk falls to the crown, where the process of photosynthesis.

And even stems of certain plants (cactus) play the role of a store of spare nutrients, and when is the dry season, the plant starts to eat them. With creeping plants, the stems can root in the soil, in places nodes forming adventitious roots, thereby facilitating the function of reproduction and distribution. Clinging to the stem of pea plant is fastened to the support by means of whiskers, providing the most sustainable location.

Leaves/crown/needles

Another name for the parts of the plant-leaves. They perform many functions. The leaves are responsible for photosynthesis and nutrition of the tree in the sunlight, and temperature regulation (evaporation heat) and growth. In the autumn the trees shed their leaves, getting rid of together with it from harmful substances. And leaves are of great importance for the implementation of life of other inhabitants of the planet Earth: plants, microorganisms, animals, and fungi, serving as their food source.

In the process of evolution in some plants leaves are modified into spines, or become more fleshy. And the leaves of some plants can even catch and digest small insects.

Flowers/fruits/seeds

In fact it is the reproductive organs of plants. They can have different structure depending on the species, but the functions remain the same. Flowers needed for the formation of seeds and fruits (quantity and appearance differ). And in order of the flowers formed fruits need pollination. Insects of various kinds (and also – some birds) perfectly cope with this function. They are attracted by the fragrance and color, nectar and pollen. Some plants are pollinated by wind and some artificially – people. And already pollinated flowers formed fruits and seeds that ensure the continuation of the species.