Stratification in social studies is... the Stratification of modern society

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2018-04-01 08:55:17

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Stratification in social studies is stratification of society. This hierarchy is the most accurate indicator of structural social inequality. Thus, the stratification of society is its division into different levels or strata.

Terminology

It is believed that the term social stratification was first applied by the American specialist in social studies Pitirim Sorokin, who has Russian roots. He developed this theory based on strata as a phenomenon in society.

Word has the following definition: "a structured hierarchy of social inequality."

stratification in science is

Causes of social stratification by P. Sorokin

Pitirim Sorokin was prone to highlight the reasons why society is "stratified":

  • First of all it's rights and privileges. Because, as we know, the noble idea of a fair of communism in reality does not work.
  • Secondly, this duty and responsibility. Because in the end it turns out that there are individuals who can take on and cope with what others will call "weight" and then, most likely, when the opportunity will try to avoid.
  • Thirdly, it is social wealth and poverty. Different people need different, and the results of their work are at different levels.
  • Fourth item is the power and influence. And it is appropriate to recall the theory of Fromm about wolves and sheep: whatever reason about equality, people are divided into those who are born to rule and those who used to live in obedience. It is in any case does not mean the slavery that humanity in its development has passed as a stage. But on a subconscious level remain master and slave. The first subsequently become leaders who "move roll" of the world, what about the second? They run close to and wondering about where it is heading.

stratification of societyContemporary causes of stratification

To this day stratification in science is an urgent problem of society. Experts identify the following causes:

  • The Division by gender. The problem with "men" and "women" were acute at all times. Now in society there is a new wave of feminism, demanding equal rights between the sexes, as the system of social stratification based on both gender-specific, too.
  • The Differences in the level of biological abilities. Someone can be a technician, someone's parents, someone- a scholar of the natural Sciences. But the problem of society lies in the fact that it ability some people can be so obvious that they are geniuses in their time, and others virtually will not occur at all.
  • The Class division. The biggest reason (for Karl Marx), which details will be discussed below.
  • The Privileges, rights and benefits relating to Economics, politics and social sphere.
  • System values, based on which the other activities are obviously higher than others.

Stratification in social studies is the subject of the discussion and reasoning of the great scholars. Sorokin presented it differently, Weber, developing the theory, deduced his own conclusions, as well as Marx, who in the end brought to all class inequality.

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social stratification

The Ideology of Marx

The class Conflict, in his opinion, is the source of changes in society and directly causes the phenomenon of stratification of society.

So, according to Marx, antagonistic classes are allocated according to two objective criteria:

  • Community of the state of the economy and the relationship on the basis of the means of production;
  • Powers and their manifestation in government.

Weber's Opinion

Max Weber has made so important a contribution to the development of the theory of social inequality that, in considering the theme: "the Concept of "stratification", its origin and essence" not to mention this name it is impossible.

The Scientist was not quite agree with Marx, but did not contradict him. Property rights as cause of stratification, he was overshadowed. The first displayed the prestige and power.

Levels of social stratification

Based on preobladali factors, Weber identified three levels of social stratification.

  • The first of these is the lowest - belonged to the property and determined the stratification of classes;
  • Second - average - relied on the prestige and was responsible for status in society, or using another definition, social strata;
  • The third and the highest was the "tip", which as you know, always there is a struggle for power, and it is expressed in society in the form of the existence of political parties.

the concept of stratificationSocial stratification

The Structure of stratification has distinctive features. Stratification primarily occurs through the ranks, all depending on the reasons why it happened. In the end, upstairs are privileged members of society, and of the lower "caste" is content with little.

The Upper layers are always quantitatively less than the lower and middle. But proportionnaly the last two to each other can vary and, furthermore, to characterize the present state of society, "highlighting" the position of certain of its fields.

stratification of the modern society

Social stratification

In Developing his theory, Pitirim Sorokin also brought three main types of social stratification, relying on the factors that cause it:

  • Based on the criterion of wealth - economic;
  • Sign of power, inuence - political;
  • Based on social roles and their performance, status, etc. - professional stratification.

Social mobility

The So-called "movement" in society is called social mobility. It can be horizontal and vertical.

In the first case is the acquisition of a new role, not involving promotion on the social ladder. For example, if a family is born another child already will receive the status of "brother" or "sister" and will no longer be the only child.

Vertical mobility is movement on the social levels. The system of social stratification (at least modern), suggests that it is possible to "climb" or "descend". The clarification was given, given that such a structure in Ancient India (caste) no mobility does not imply. But stratification of the modern society, fortunately, this framework is not intended.

Connectivity mobility and stratification in society

How mobility is associated with the bundle? Sorokin said that stratification in science is the display of a vertical sequence layers of society.the structure of stratification

Marx, Weber and Sorokin himself cited various reasons for this phenomenon, based on the causes of stratification discussed above. A modern interpretation of the theory recognizes the multidimensionality and equivalence proposed by the scientists positions and is constant search for new.

Historical forms of stratification

The Concept of stratification is not new. This phenomenon as a sustainable system has long been known, but in different times had different shapes. What, consider the following:

  • Slave form was based on the forced subjugation of one group of society to another. There were no rights not to mention privileges. If you remember on private property, then slaves it was not, moreover, they were themselves of it.
  • Caste (mentioned in this article). This stratification in science is a revealing example of stratified inequality with crisp and precise edges, the part held between the castes. To move this system up was impossible, so if a person is "descended", he was able to say farewell to former status. Stable structure was based on religion - they accepted who they are, because she believed that in the next life will rise higher, and are therefore obliged with honor and humility to play its current role.
  • The Class form, which has one main feature - the legal division. All these Imperial and Royal status, the gentry and other aristocracy - the manifestation of this type of stratification. Belonging to the estate were inherited, a little boy in one family was already a Prince and heir to the crown, and the other an ordinary peasant. The economic situation was a consequence of the legal status. This form of stratification was relatively closed, because of the ways to move from one class to another was not enough, and it was difficult to do - you can rely on unless it was on luck and chance, and that one in a million.
  • The Class form - inherent in modern society. This bundle for the level of income and prestige, which is determined by some almost unconscious and intuitive way. At one time or another at the forefront of in-demand occupations, the payment of which corresponds to their status and the manufactured product. Now the it field, a few years ago - the economy, even earlier - law. The impact of the class on the modern society can be written with a simple example: the question "who are you" the man calls his profession (teacher/doctor/fireman), and q immediately makes this the appropriate conclusions. For class forms of stratification characterized by the provision of political and legal freedoms of citizens.

the concept of stratification

Types by Nemirovsky

At the time, Nemirovsky added to the above list several forms of the division of society into layers:

  • Physical-genetic, including gender and other biological characteristics, qualities of the individual;
  • Ethnocratic, which is dominated by the power of the social hierarchy and their respective powers;
  • Socio-professional, in which important knowledge and skills of their practical application;
  • Cultural-symbolic, information-based and that she "rules the world";
  • Cultural-normative, presented as a tribute morals, traditions and norms.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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