Description of the asteroid belt of the Solar system. The main-belt asteroids

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2018-03-18 06:35:43

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Description of the Solar system contains not only information about the eight planets and Pluto, but several structures, including a large number of cosmic bodies. these include the Kuiper belt, scattered disk, Oort cloud and asteroid belt. On the latter will be discussed below.

Definition

main-belt asteroids

The Term "asteroid" was borrowed by William Herschel, composer Charles Bernie. The word is of Greek origin and means “like a star". The use of this term was due to the fact that the study of space through the telescope the asteroids seemed like the stars looked like points in contrast to the planets which resembled the disks.

As such, the definition of the term today, no. The main characteristic of objects of the asteroid belt and similar structures — size. Lower limit — diameter of 50 m. the Space of the body smaller — it's already meteors. Upper bound — diameter of the dwarf planet Ceres, almost 1,000 km.

Location and some features

the asteroid belt is located between the

The asteroid Belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Today there are more than 600 thousand objects, of which more than 400,000 have their own room, or even the name. Approximately 98% of past — objects of the asteroid belt far from the Sun at a distance of from 2.2 to 3.6 astronomical units. The largest body among them — Ceres. At the meeting of the IAU in 2006 along with Pluto and several objects received the status of dwarf planet. Following the size of Vesta, Pallas and Ceres Gigeya together accounted for 51% of the total mass of the asteroid belt.

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Form

the asteroid belt in the solar system

Cosmic bodies that make up the zone, in addition to the sizes are still a number of key characteristics. All of them are rocky objects revolving in their orbits around the Sun. Observations of the asteroid allowed us to establish that, as a rule, they are irregular in shape and rotate. Pictures taken by spacecraft flying through an asteroid belt in the Solar system, confirmed these assumptions. According to the scientists, this form — the result of frequent collisions of asteroids with each other and other objects.

Structure

Today astronomers identify three class of asteroids according to the basic substance included in their composition:

  • Carbon (class C);
  • Silicate (class S) with a predominance of silicon;
  • Metal (class M).

The First approximately 75% of all known asteroids. Such a classification, however, some scholars not considered acceptable. In their view, the existing data do not allow to clearly say which element predominates in the composition of space bodies of the asteroid belt.

In 2010, a team of astronomers made an interesting discovery concerning the composition of the asteroids. Scientists found on the surface of Themis, to this zone, water ice. Finding supports indirectly the hypothesis that one of the sources of water on the young Earth were asteroids.

Other features

Average speed with which the objects of this region around the Sun, equal to 20 km/s. thus on one revolution of the main-belt asteroids spend from three to nine earth years. For most of them characterized by a small inclination of the orbit to the plane of the Ecliptic — 5-10º. However, there are objects, the trajectory of which makes with the plane of rotation of the Earth around the sun more impressive angle, up to 70º. This characteristic formed the basis for the classification of asteroids into two subsystems: flat and spherical. The inclination of the orbit of the objects of the first type is less than or equal to 8º, the second — more than the specified value.

Appearance

In the nineteenth century the scientific community has widely discussed the hypothesis of the deceased Phaeton. The distance from Mars to Jupiter is quite impressive, and there could be orbit another planet. However, such ideas are today considered obsolete. Modern astronomers stick to the version that the place where the asteroid belt, the planet occur just could not. The reason for this is Jupiter.asteroid belt planet a Gas giant in the early stages of its formation had a gravitational effect on the area lying closer to the Sun. It has attracted some of the substance of that zone. Not captured by Jupiter's body was scattered in different directions, speed protectionof increased, increased the number of collisions. As a result, they not only increased their weight and volume, but even became smaller. In the course of such transformations the probability of a planet between Jupiter and Mars was equal to zero.

DC impact

Jupiter today «do not leave alone" asteroid belt. Its powerful gravity causes changes in the orbits of some bodies. Under its influence, appeared the so-called exclusion zone, in which almost no asteroids. Body fly here because of a collision with another object, is pushed out of the zone. Sometimes this orbit is changing so that it leaves the asteroid belt.

Additional rings

The Main asteroid belt is not alone. At its external border are two more less impressive such education. One of these rings is located directly on the orbit of Jupiter and are represented by two groups of objects:

  • “Greeks” ahead of a gas giant approximately 60º;
  • “Trojans” behind the same number of degrees.

A Characteristic feature of these bodies is the stability of their movement. It is possible due to the location of asteroids in “the Lagrange points” where all are balanced by the gravitational effects of these objects.asteroid belts

Despite the relatively close location to the Earth, the asteroid belt is understudied and holds many secrets. The first of these, of course, is the origin of small Solar system bodies. Existing theories on the issue, though, and sound quite convincing, has not yet received a clear confirmation.

Raise questions and some features of the structure of asteroids. For example, there is even a related object zone in some respects quite different from each other. The study of the characteristics of asteroids and their origin is necessary for understanding the events preceding the formation of the Solar system as we know it, and develop theories about the processes occurring in remote areas of space, systems of other stars.

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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