What was the reason for the new reform of urban management, the causes of the second reform.

Local government Reform undertaken by Peter I, was not characterized by consistency and efficiency. Reorganization of cities and local authorities was hampered by the officials. About what was called the new reform of urban governance, what are the drawbacks of the reforms she had to fix, will cover in this article.

Prerequisites for urban reform

Reform of city governance Peter 1 began long before the planned reorganization of the Central and highest authority in the state. The main reasons for change was the new social relations in the state, expanding its territory and the designation of new Executive functions that the regions have carried out local control.

Urban reform. First attempt

The Restructuring of local authorities was dictated by the requirements of the time. Russia tried to secure access to the Baltic sea, the military needs of the country grew. The old provincial and mandative forms of self-government could not provide performance of objectives for the collection of taxes and recruitment in the managed areas. The primary task was the distribution of responsibilities between the Zemstvos and Fiat managements, the introduction of elements of European urban governance. These factors explained what caused the new reform of urban management and as a function of the updated government. To do this, in 1699 began the first urban reform.

The reform of urban management was an attempt to reform the Russian city on the European model, give them the same rights that had city councils of Western States. Russian city came out of the subordination of the provinces, and their management was transferred to the mayors, individual which were determined through elections. Appeared in the capital burmistrza chamber, in front of which the parochial burmistr reported they had collected the state taxes, charges and fees. In other cities the controls was transferred to the Zemstvo huts, which was also led by elected burmistr.

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Shortcomings of the first reform

On what was called the new reform of urban governance, can be seen in the disappointing results of the first transformation. The newly formed system was opaque and not very efficient. The fragmentation of local authorities are not allowed to build a clear chain of command. The confusion was supplemented by a plurality of secondary bodies. Thus, bureaucratic power, Peter I added elective class establishments. In addition, along with the civil authorities have acted, and the military administration which was in charge of passport control and collecting the poll tax, thus duplicating some of the functions of the civil authorities.

What was the reason for the new reform of urban governance? Based on the above, you can generate several reasons:

• There is still no strict vertical of power;
• Powers of the designated managers in the field was limited to elected bodies;
• Excessive number of elected positions (mayors, individual magistrates, representatives of the estates Assembly) have hindered the work of local authorities.

Second urban reform

In 1720 in the new capital of the Russian Empire was created by a Chief magistrate, who commanded all the elected municipal magistrates.

In 1721, a regulation was issued, which outlined new principles of the city. Cities were divided by population into five large classes. The population was divided into “irregular” and “regular" citizens. Among the “irregular” the citizens were mostly the poorest segments of the population. Wealthy “regular” the citizens were left to the former privileges.

Despite the loyalty of the authorities to the rich townspeople, the new system of government have not proven effective In the management were inflexible, military-bureaucratic methods of solving problems, besides the increasing centralization did not allow elected bodies to carry out policy.