Biochemical composition of blood

Blood is a biological fluid that provides organs and tissues with nutrients and oxygen. Together with lymph it forms a system circulating in the body fluids. Performs a number of vital functions: nutrition, excretory, protective, respiratory, mechanical, regulatory, and expansion.

The Composition of human blood with age significantly modified. I should say that children have a very intensive metabolism, so their body its much more  have on 1 kg of body weight compared to adults. On average an adult is about five to six liters of this biological fluid.

The composition of blood includes plasma (the liquid portion) and formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets). The concentration of red blood cells depends on its color. Plasma, devoid of protein (fibrinogen) is called the serum. This biological fluid has a slightly alkaline reaction.

Biochemical composition of the blood-buffer system. The main blood buffers are bicarbonate (7% of total mass), phosphate (1%), protein (10%), hemoglobinemia and oksigemoglobina (up to 81%) and acid (about 1%) of the system. Plasma is dominated by bicarbonate, phosphate, protein and acid in red blood cells, bicarbonate, phosphate, gemoglobinovyj – oksigemoglobina and acid. The composition of the acidic buffer system of organic acids (acetic, lactic, pyruvic, etc.) and their salts with strong bases. The most important are hemoglobinemia and bicarbonate buffer system.

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Chemical composition of blood. Blood is characterized by constancy of chemical composition. Plasma is 55-60% of total blood volume and is 90 % water. Solids are organic (9%) and mineral (1%) of the substance. The main organic substances are proteins, most of which are synthesized in the liver.

The Protein composition of the blood. The total protein content in the blood of mammals is in the range of 6 to 8 %. There are about a hundred protein components of plasma. Conditionally they can be divided into three fractions: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen. Plasma proteins that remain after the removal of fibrinogen, referred to as whey protein in the blood.

The Albumins are involved in the transport of many nutrients and bioactive substances (carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, inorganic ions, bilirubin). Involved in the regulation of water-mineral metabolism. Serum globulins are divided into three fractions, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Globulins transporterowych fatty acids, steroid hormones, fat-soluble vitamins, are immune bodies.

Carbohydrate composition of the blood. The plasma contains of monosaccharide (glucose, fructose), glycogen, glucosamine, mannose phosphates, and other products of intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates. The main part of the carbohydrates are represented by glucose. Glucose and other monosaccharide in blood plasma are in the free and associated protein States. The content of linked glucose reaches 40-50% of the total content of carbohydrates. Among the products of intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates secrete lactic acid, the content of which increases dramatically after heavy physical exertion.

The Concentration of glucose may change under many pathological conditions. The phenomenon of hyperglycemia is characteristic of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, shock, anesthesia, fever.

Blood Lipid composition. Plasma contains up to 0.7 % or more lipids. The lipids are the free and associated protein States. The concentration of lipids in plasma varies with pathology. So, in tuberculosis it can reach 3-10%.

Blood Gas composition. This biojidkosti contains oksigen (oxygen), carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the free and bound States. So, for example, about 99.5-99.7% oxygen is associated with hemoglobin, 03–0,5 % is in a free state.