Cap reform - the first attempt to create local self-government in Russia

The Peasant uprising of 1547 demonstrated the need to consolidate the ruling class to stabilize the current situation. With the arrival of new people in the government of Ivan the terrible appeared in the circle, which is called the Elected Rada. Its representatives: A. F. Adach, the priest Silvester and the Metropolitan Macarius – enjoyed the greatest influence on Ivan the terrible, which allowed them to become initiators of changes in the system of state administration.

Historical context

The Aggravation of the social struggle between the higher and lower classes is always expressed in the growth and increase the number of uprisings and strikes. To suppress them only if you fully or at least partially resolve what ails the masses. Thus, in the XVI century was held recently reform, which transferred some functions of the governors and volatile representatives of a new position-chief. To elect them, it was decided from the boyar children, and aid to appoint rich peasants and deprived the masses of the main “sponsors” in the fight against social injustice. Cap reform has allowed the ruling classes to use the newly created bodies for the suppression of the peasant, and servile statements.

Innovations

Ivan the terrible came to the throne at the age of three years, so the first years of his reign were coupled with various struggle of seigniorial groupings for influence on the young Grand Duke. In 1538 launched cap reform. It was directed against the governors, which prevented Glinski. In counties the County was created, headed by the elders. Along with elected from the best farmers sotskii and the same they fought against theft and robbery, identifying "valiant men". Cap reform has authorised the chiefs to conduct the investigation and to execute the identified criminals, but really just punishing the unwanted. After the uprising in Moscow against Glinsky at court began to shape a new government. In 1549 the king stands in front of the capital's nobles and bishops denouncing the abuses of the nobility and the governors, and fought like reform of Ivan the terrible. This meeting was the first meeting of the provincial Council and was the beginning of a new institutional change.

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Changes

In 1540 the years I reform was implemented in most regions of Russia, and the first letters belong to the year 1539. At the same time in Moscow established order of Rogue, who was involved in the oversight of the new bodies. In the second half of the XVI Russia is becoming the estate-representative monarchy, which gives further impetus to the development of the labial organs and makes them kind of early analogues of modern local government. Thus, the cap reform of Ivan the terrible has set a precedent for further increase of the powers of the management of the counties that helped to reorganize the peasantry. In a hundred years it was the elected elder will be the closest associates of the Governor.

Lipstick and land reform is a logical continuation of the trend in society changes. Elected from the local gentry headman (often old service people) is much better knew the customs and interests of their districts so they could better manage the lands entrusted to them.