XVIII - what is the age? Europe in the 18th century

So to begin to answer not a new question, which arises in many students and not only: "XVIII - what is the age?" Will try to figure it out in this article.

Mystery of the Latin numbers, or the answer to the question: "XVIII - what is the age?"

People Often complain that the Roman numerals for them very difficult. In fact, nothing difficult here. Everything is subject to understandable logic.

So, in the case of number XVIII it is necessary to decrypt, starting from the beginning. So, X is ten. Accordingly, the number is clearly greater than 10, since the remaining digits are to the right of the main. The fact is that if we had the number IX, it would have been 9, as a unit to the left is subtracted from 10. So, understand on. V is 5, and last part, respectively, 3. All items are summed and the resulting finished number 18. But in parallel with the question of, XVIII - what is the age, there is another difficulty. What year can be attributed to the 18th century - 1750 or 1829? The answer is only one: 1750, 1829 is already since the 19th century.

History 18th century. Education

So when we figured out where what age, will focus on the history of this period. To begin with, Europe in the eighteenth century was experiencing a great event in its history - Education. This term is familiar to many. One may wonder: XVIII - what is the age, but we know the characteristics of this phenomenon. Each country has it happened on its own. But what was common to all, is the collapse of feudalism.

Education is a natural process, which inevitably began in the fall of the feudal system. It is humanistic and tends to be a formal law, seeing in it the guarantee of freedom and a better life. Education as a phenomenon not only affected the intellectual development of Europe. It openly criticized the outmoded and obsolete forms of life and way of life preserved since the middle ages.

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Basic ideas of the English Enlightenment

So, Locke has brought to the fore the moral qualities and benchmarks, considering the state as the agreement of the people. He believed that the only natural regulator of interpersonal and social relations are the norms of morality and behavior.

They were installed, according to the philosopher, "universal tacit consent". History of the eighteenth century determined the further path of development of many countries, including the UK. English figures of the Enlightenment believed that the highest goal is not the happiness of society, and the happiness of the individual, personal elevation.

Locke also emphasized that all human beings are born with a set of powers and abilities that will help them to achieve almost everything. But only constant efforts, as did the philosopher, contribute to the realization inherent in every capacity. Only the personal creative effort will help a person to succeed in life. Saying so, English philosophers of the 18th century accurately captured the need of the society in that period.

French Enlightenment

In contrast to the ideas of the English enlightenment, Rousseau brings to the fore the society, not one individual. According to his ideas, initially the society owned all the power, but then it betrayed the power of the rulers so that they act in its interests. Rousseau was a supporter of the democratic-Republican state. Civil equality will be achieved only when every citizen will be able to participate in management.

Montesquieu, in turn, insists that the polity of any country has to adapt to the climate, and religion, and to the character of the people. The philosopher believes the best form of government the Republican form. But, seeing modern States to implement it, stops on a constitutional monarchy. In this case, the ruler will belong only to the Executive branch, and legislative - elected Parliament.