The Island Of Tasmania, Australia. The Nature Of Tasmania

Australia and Oceania is a very tiny part of the world. It includes the eponymous continent and about ten thousand small Islands scattered across the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. The total area of the region exceeds 8.5 million square kilometers. Its territory is home to about 34 million inhabitants.

General description of the Australian

Australia – an island that is simultaneously the smallest planet in the mainland. Due to the very dry climate here is dominated by desert and dry savanna. The coastline taking into account Tasmania and other coastal Islands is about 60 thousand kilometers. In the North, the continent is bordered by the Arafura and the Timor seas, on the South and West – the Indian ocean, and in the East-the Tasman and Coral seas. As the continent began to actively move only in the twentieth century, its territory was mastered slightly. The density of population here is just over two people per square kilometre. Australia is the world's only continent that is occupied by only one state. It was formed in the early twentieth century, separated from Britain, and now among the most developed and richest on the planet.

The Country is divided into two territories and six States. The first administrative unit applies the Australian capital territory and the Northern territory. The States of Australia – Victoria, Queensland, New South wells, South and Western Australia, and Tasmania. About the last of these in more detail and will be discussed next.

Geographical position

The state is not only the namesake island, but also several small Klepikov sushi – Macquarie, Flinders and king. Its capital is the second largest city in the state, which is called Hobart. Speaking of, where is Tasmania, it should be noted that the island is located at a distance of 240 kilometers from the mainland (South of it), from which it is separated at the expense of bass Strait. Its Eastern part is washed by the Tasman sea and South and West – the Indian ocean. It should be noted that the island is a structural continuation of the Great Australian Dividing range, and along its banks formed a large number of bays.

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Opening

Tasmania is open long before been colonized Australia. The island in 1642, was visited by the expedition led by Dutch Navigator Abel Tasman. It was the first Europeans who visited here. When that land was named Governor-General of the East Indian Dutch colony – van dimena. According to some historical sources, it was he who sent this expedition to search for new territories.

Development

Like other States of Australia, the island began to be developed by British colonialists in the early nineteenth century. The British first landed here in 1802. The following year he was proclaimed the second British colony in Australia. Then it was decided to turn the area into an island of convicts. The first famous settlement on its territory was built in 1830 by prisoners Port Arthur. Its territory was divided into sectors and carefully guarded, as here dwelt a people who have committed serious crimes. For them equipped hospital, Church, and mail. The prison was closed only in the seventies of the nineteenth century. In 1856, the island of Tasmania got its present name. The decision adopted by the British government. In a separate state, it was established in 1901.

Population

Across the state, there are about half a million people. Most of them are considered to be Anglo-Australians, in other words – the descendants of British immigrants. Only one percent of local residents represents the indigenous population. According to historical records, the local aborigines live here about 40 thousand years. On the island there are also Indians, Chinese and some other nationalities. English here is considered a state. It should be noted that he has a peculiar local accent. Local residents, including aboriginal people, mostly Christians. The majority of them is Catholic, followed by the parishioners of the Church of England, Protestants, and Orthodox. Almost 4% of the population professes Buddhism and Islam.

Climate

Australia and Oceania is considered one of the driest regions on the planet. On their site gets so little precipitation. Despite this, the people of Tasmania have the opportunity to enjoy all the seasons. This is due to the fact that for the most part its territory is characterized by a temperate climate. It was formed under the influence of the ocean and seas surrounding the island. Thus, there is neither severe cold nor extreme heat. Not to mention the fact that throughout the state most precipitation falls in Australia. In the Western part of Tasmania annual average is 1000 mm, and in the East – 600 mm.

Spring on the island falls on the period from September to November. The weather at this time is mostly cold and windy. The average temperature in summer is 23 degrees Celsius. There are times whenthe thermometer rises to 30 degrees. However, this is characteristic of a distant from the coastline of the area. Autumn in Tasmania is a relatively quiet season, which is characterized by cool nights and fairly warm, Sunny days. It should be noted that this time is optimal for visiting the state by tourists. Winter is usually frosty and clear weather. Quite often snows. Anyway, at this time the air is considered to be one of the cleanest on Earth.

Nature

The Main feature, which differs in the nature of Tasmania, it is considered that it was formed several million years ago and survived until our days. Scientists largely attribute this to the formation of the island. Approximately 250 million years ago, together with Australia she was part of a huge continent known as Gondwana. Then he took about half the planet's surface, mostly covered with rain forests. As of today, the situation has not changed much. Now the island is a large highland plateau. Almost half of its area is covered with impenetrable forests, most of which still remains unexplored. It should be noted that the Earth is one of the last such places.

On the island to survived rare representatives of flora and fauna that have long been extinct in all other regions of the world. Among vegetation in the local jungle, you can see eucalyptus trees, cypress and spinous enterotoxic, southern beeches and other trees. In addition, it must be noted also the presence of very rare species of lichens and mosses. Local forests become the habitat for many, nowhere else occurring fauna. The most famous and exotic animals of Tasmania – koalas, dingoes, little penguins, possums, echidna, kangaroos, Tasmanian devils, marsupial wolf, and others. Besides them, there are about 150 species of birds. The rarest among them is orangeware parrot, which in Australia is protected by law. Local rivers and lakes teeming with trout.

Economy

At the heart of the economy of the island is the mining industry and agriculture. In particular, the region is rich in such minerals as zinc, tin, iron and copper. In addition, the high level of development here is forestry. Because the state has the typically moderate climate, as mentioned above, there are favorable conditions created for the development of vineyards and orchards, and also for the cultivation of many crops. About twenty percent of the available land allocated to national parks and reserves, so farming them is impossible. Like all of Australia, Tasmania boasts a well developed tourist sector. His education from 2001 to the present day is due to favourable economic conditions in the country, including cheap flight tickets and new ferries that provide transport support to the mainland. Many local residents work in government organizations. Another major employer here is the Federal Group, which owns several hotels and casinos, and also engaged in processing of wood.

Capital

The State and island of Tasmania have their own capital. It is the oldest in Australia after Sydney Hobart. It was founded in 1804. As of today its population is just over 210 thousand residents. The city is not only administrative, but also the financial centre of Tasmania, where ancient traditions blend harmoniously with the modern active way of life. Hobart is located in the southeastern part of the island at the mouth of the river Derwent. It is from here to Antarctica travel the Australian and French expedition.

Sights

In connection with the presence of so-called hard page in the history of Tasmania attractions such origin are of great interest among tourists. It is not surprising that every year thousands of travelers visit the former fortress and prison at the same time – Port Arthur Historic Site. Many popular tours linked to local natural areas and parks. In the South-West of the reserve can take an air tour, during which tourists have the opportunity to admire the unexplored tropical forests, waterfalls and gorges. The island and its wine region with its major factories.

One of the main attractions of the capital is the Salamanca arts centre, which houses numerous organizations, including art studios, galleries and concert halls. Quite popular in Hobart is the Museum of ancient monuments in the world, located in the vineyards at a distance of 12 kilometers from the city. Great cultural importance and local buildings. It should be noted that more than ninety of them are protected by National society for the protection of monuments.

Tourist attraction

The Island of Tasmania boasts a well-developedthe tourist infrastructure. In the most visited cities and regions no problem to rent a room in a hotel and students are offered a good selection of hostels. Not to mention the large number of stations car rental. In the local souvenir shops tourists can purchase any national amulets and Souvenirs. In General on the island you can find entertainment for almost every taste - from simple tours to diving. The key thing to remember is that on weekends, the restaurants and shops here are closed.

Conclusion

Summing up, it should be noted that Tasmania is a very beautiful place, a significant part of whose territory is occupied by national parks. All of them are under state protection. Here is almost everything that may be of interest to the modern traveler – a primitive tropical forest, hills, plains, waterfalls and the purest sea water.