The wall of Derbent in Derbent: no

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2018-03-22 10:04:13

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Among the cities museums of Russia Derbent stands out for an authentic Oriental flavor, inner strength and multi-millennial history. The appearance of the “pearl” of Dagestan is characterized by tremendous defensive structures Dating back to the time when he was a mighty fortress, lock the passage along the Caspian coast. Kilometers of dual Derbent wall, fortress Naryn-Kala, has blocked the path of aspiring to the rich South of the “barbarians” of the North.

Derbent wall

Mountains

From the height of the ridge Galinsoga Derbent seems to be a narrow white ribbon stretched between the blue of the sea wall and the green ridge mountains. Starting by the sea and a fairly wide strip of buildings and gardens, the city, gradually climbing to the mountain, is compressed in a clear framework of parallel walls and abuts the steep slope of one of the spurs Galinsoga range.

Here, on a cliff near the mouth crashing into the mountain, deep gorges, towering gray walls of the citadel, which dominates the flat roofs and the network of crooked alleys located at the bottom of the ancient city. Especially majestic from the top looks Derbent wall in Derbent, a photo of which affects the scale of construction of ancient architects.

Derbent wall in Derbent

World heritage

Entrenched here fifteen hundred years ago, Sasanian Iran and then the Arab Caliphate not only withstood the onslaught of the mighty associations of the steppe nomads, but have extended their power and influence across Eastern Caucasus. Surprisingly, the Derbent wall-double wall of Sassanian times – having survived dozens of wars, are partially preserved.

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Archaeological studies show that in such an important strategic location regular settlements existed 6000 years ago. This fact allows the Derbent considered to be Russia's oldest city and one of the oldest in the world. The year 2003 was a landmark for the city: professionals, UNESCO recognized the citadel as a world cultural heritage as one of the best preserved monuments of fortification architecture of the ancient Persians.

Derbent wall double wall of Sassanian times

Location

Ancient Derbent whole was placed between the two long walls, extending in parallel, a short distance from one another across the passage between the sea and the mountains. One of the long defensive walls of Derbent, North, survived in almost its entire length, and still forms the Northern border of the city.

South of the Derbent wall, parallel to the first, is preserved only along the upper or Western part of the city and small patches in other places. The destruction began after the Russian conquest, when the growing lower part of the city of the European type, not Vedas the ancient boundaries began to expand to the South. The best preserved citadel, not built by modern buildings.

Marine area

The Ancient travellers were particularly struck by the sections of the wall that ran into the sea and disappearing in the depths of the sea. The historian Lev Gumilev, one of the first to study this phenomenon and found that the reason for this significant level fluctuations of the Caspian sea. In ancient times the wall of Derbent in Derbent sheltered from the land port, now submerged.

Today, from the walls, speaking in the sea, leaving only the ridge of rocks, traceable on the sea bottom. Properly laid ashlar blocks are clearly visible under water in the calm sea surface.

Derbent wall in Derbent photo

Description

The Name of a defensive complex of the Naryn-Kala (Derbent citadel and the wall) means "narrow gate". Indeed, here the Caucasian mountains come closest to the Caspian sea, forming a narrow "neck" of travel which are easy to control. The construction length of approximately 1,300 m within the city. The mountainous part of the wall, like the great Chinese, stretches deep into the Caucasus in 42 km.

The Thickness of the surviving walls of Derbent comes to 4 m, and the height in some places reaches 18-20 m. In some parts of the walls are preserved crenellated parapet. Throughout its length the walls are separated by more or less often located tower ledges rectangular or semicircular in shape, sometimes, but in the citadel constantly, solid masonry. In the most important defensive tower against the ground tabs are expanded to the value of FORTS. The inside of the walls were wide stairs on which the garrison was raised to repel the enemies.

North gate

The Most decorative part of the Derbent wall is the gate. According to Arab writers in the ancient Derbent in the North, the Khazar, the most threatened militarily, the wall was only three gates. They have survived to the present time. Some of them — this is the gate near the citadel. The road from them leads into a deep gorge surrounding the fortress from the North-West. They are called Garci-Capa — the gate of the Herald.

Very interesting in their own way decorative Decora­notice Karalarskiy gate — Kirchler Kapi, named for being near an ancient cemetery, according to legend sign­all in their own graves first in these lands of Muslims. On the sides of the portal passage is preserved outside the capital and two sculptures of lions. Third gate,Swinskie, apparently transcribed at a later time. In fact the Northern wall of Derbent indicates the border between nomadic at the time North and the agricultural South.

Derbent wall means

South gate

In the South wall, facing the Muslim countries, according to Arab­ing writers, there were many gates. Despite the slight length of the preserved part of the wall here survived four gates. Some at the citadel upstairs — Kala-Kapi - now completely ru­Shana, the other — Bayat-Kapi, located near the ascent to the citadel, although is flanked by ancient round towers, but much rebuilt.

The Most interesting third gate of the southern wall — Orta Kapi, located between the quadrangular towers and consisting of two successive spans. The first outside the span is decorated with three Lancet arches separated by two round columns with rectangular capitals low, embellished with one hundred­lacticare. Here Derbent wall side is decorated with small arches, above which are stalactites — decorative arcature, arranged in three rows in a stepped triangle.

The Second the span of a very different type, rectangular, covered with horizontal flat arch, peace­students on profiled cornices. Over this arch there is a high arc razgruzka arch with a blind lunette. Above is placed protruding from the wall a sculpture of a lion standing in the FAS on a special bracket and done (as well as sculptures Kurlansky gate) is very generalized and schematic.

From the fourth gate of the southern steppes in the lower city and Are called Kapi, survived two massive pylon with traces between them spanned by arches. In addition, there are two gates in the citadel: the Eastern located in a rectangular tower, and bearing the traces of numerous alterations, and West, flanked by two towers.

Derbent wall means narrow gate

Other attractions

Derbent wall and the citadel – not only of the antiquity of the city. The fortress contains the ruins of many buildings of a dif­tion purposes. Especially interesting:

  • Here Are huge cistern excavated in the rock and covered with a dome on four supporting pointed arches.
  • The Curious ruins of the baths, where before 1936 was a one of the domes of the same type as that videomachine tank.
  • On both lengths­ing sides of Derbent is an extensive cemetery with a forest of stone tombstones.

The city also has a number of ancient buildings, mosques, fountains, ponds, and minarets. The most wonderful and Grand building­statement is a mosque, the green dome which rises above the flat roofs of the upper part of the modern Derbent, together with the can­chimi crowns growing in the courtyard of the mosque centenary plane trees.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/11300-the-wall-of-derbent-in-derbent-no.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/20241-derbentskaya-scyana-derbence-ap-sanne-z-fota.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/20257-derbentskaya-wand-in-derbent-beschreibung-mit-foto.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/20268-derbentskaya-muro-en-derbente-descripci-n-de-la-foto.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/11308-the-wall-of-derbent-in-derbent-no.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/11308-derbent-derbent.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/20237-derbentskaya-abyr-a-derbente-sipattamasy-foto.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/20210-derbentskaya-ciana-w-derbente-opis-zdj-cia.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/20212-derbentskaya-parede-em-derbent-descri-o-com-foto.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/20243-derbentskaya-duvar-derbent-bir-a-klama-ve-foto-raf.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/20233-derbents-ka-st-na-v-derbent-opis-z-foto.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/12086-the-wall-of-derbent-in-derbent-no.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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