Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon: causes, symptoms, treatments, and forecasts

Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon – is a malignant tumor that forms from glandular cells of the colon of the large intestine. In the sigmoid colon formed stool. It is therefore important to use a daily food, which help stimulate peristalsis. If a person has constipation, the stool pushing against the walls of the sigmoid colon, which leads to poor circulation. In addition, the proliferation of epithelial cells possibly due to carcinogenic substances in the stool. These substances play an important role in the origin of cells of malignant neoplasms.

What is sigmoid colon?

The human Gut is divided into two divisions: thin and thick. The division of the large intestine got its name due to the large lumen. The guts of this unit envelop the small intestine.

The Division of the large intestine is divided into several sections:

• Blind;
• The colon;
• Direct.

The Blind area of the intestine is the Appendix, called Appendix. The sigmoid colon refers to colon part of the colon Department. Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon is more common than malignant tumors of other viscera. The tumor is a malignant cell renewal that are entirely composed of glandular epithelium. That is why the disease is often called glandular cancer.

The Sigmoid colon is the final segment of the intestine, ending the absorption of water from the body, there is the formation of feces.

The intestine is the portion of the C-shape, if it is wrong to eat, lack of mineral and nutrients in this phase is the stagnation of feces. It promotes the circulation of blood.

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Loss of peristalsis can be caused by a number of various diseases of different etiologies. In addition, the development of stagnation of feces may atony or complete absence of peristalsis. Usually atony may be caused by the patient's age. Reduced peristalsis possible and after the transfer of various kind of operation, after childbirth, during inactivity. That is the period when the human body is experiencing a strong shake-up, as a rule, while there is a hormonal failure.

The Nuances of the disease

Adenocarcinoma – this is one of the worst diseases in terms of clinical manifestations and subsequent therapy. As the outcome often leads to death. A lethal outcome is possible due to metastases that have spread throughout the body, began to actively grow and develop. Forecast due to the fact that at an early stage of the disease occurs with similar symptoms as with indigestion. People trying to be treated by means of alternative medicine, however, the tumor is constantly growing and evolving. And only some time later, when the disease is already running, the patient goes for consultation to the oncologist.

Another caveat is the sensitivity of the problem. Clinical symptoms involves examination of the anus and rectum, the patient is simply shy and doesn't want to go and see a specialist. That is why the diagnosis of a malignant tumor is untimely. But the patient needs to understand: the smaller the tumor, the sooner occurred, the diagnosis, the sooner you can begin therapy. As a consequence: the outcome will be favorable, up to a full recovery.

Classification

Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon is divided into several types. Each of them has its own characteristics. Types of tumors:

1. Poorly-differentiated, it typically has a fast and instant flow of. This type is treatable really hard, the prognosis in most cases, unfavorable.
2. Moderate adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. For this type of forecasts are quite optimistic.
3. A Highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, this type of cancer responds well to treatment with pharmacological manipulations.

Depending on how quickly grows and develops a malignant tumor, there are several stages of growth:

1. Exophytic, showing the growth of malignant cells only in the lumen of the sigmoid colon. This contributes to the narrowing of the lumen, as a result, frequent constipation and poor permeability of feces.
2. Endophytic, at this stage of growth of pathogenic cells invade the intestinal wall.

Stage of disease

An Important factor in the diagnosis is the distinction of tumor forms and stages. Types of tumors stages:

1. The First stage begins to affect the mucous membranes of the intestine. The big drawback in the diagnosis is the asymptomatic development of the disease.
2. In the second stage, the malignant cells gradually begin to fill the muscle membrane. While a person is marked disorder of the digestive system. And already at the second stage, experts note the growth of adenocarcinoma up to 5 cm
3. Stage-3 promotes the penetration of malignant cells in all layers of a thick intestine. In the third stage, yet does not develop metastasis.
4. 4th stage, launched or adenocarcinoma. It is the manifestation of the disease in the absence of timely diagnosismedical care from specialists. At the same time developing metastasis to other organs. The prognosis, as a rule, unfavorable.

Causes

The causes of cancer are many and varied. The main thing is that they are unpredictable. Modern medicine is not able to identify specifically the causes of adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. You can spread the causes that trigger the development of cancer, in several groups. It is the following factors:

1. Malnutrition. Many doctors believe that improper diet is the main cause of the development of processes that promote cancer. Especially harmful food products that contain large amounts of carcinogens, animal fats, fatty acids.
2. Inflammation of a thick intestine. The most dangerous disease for the body is ulcerative colitis. Often, the disease is a predisposing criterion for the subsequent development of cancer. The longer is the disease, the neglect of timely therapy, the higher the risk of development of malignant cells.
3. Polyps. In the cancer plan intestinal polyps are a predisposing factor for the development of malignant process.
4. Genetic factors.
5. Addiction.
6. Radiation – this is one of the leading reasons for the development of adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Diagnostics

For detecting and diagnosing diseases specialist suggests direction to multiple research methods as a Supplement to the testing of blood, feces and urine.

1. Ultrasound diagnosis helps to visualize tumors, but does not identify the cause of the development.
2. X-ray with contrast, and the specialist looks at the degree of overlap of the sigmoid colon.
3. MRI or magnetic resonance imaging. Helps to identify the presence of cancer, notes its origin.
4. Fibrocolonoscope. Research of a thick intestine using a special device-probe. The specialist can accurately mark the size of the tumor, assess the degree of narrowing of the lumen of the intestine to determine the cause of.

Symptoms

At the initial stage of development of the tumor the disease is asymptomatic. Therefore, early diagnosis and detection of tumors is problematic.

The First manifestations can be digestive disorders: stomach pain, constipation, bloating. These symptoms the patient may be confused with the usual indigestion, which is why at this stage a trip to the doctor, the patient lays. Tightness during the examination due to the fact, where is located the sigmoid colon. The same symptoms in the early stages no manifest.

The growth and development of malignant tumors of the clinical manifestations of the disease becomes more diverse. Patient notes:

1. Pain in the left half. Gradually, the pain becomes lasting, it is a clear sign of abuse to the medic.
2. Nausea and vomiting.
3. Bloating.
4. Diarrhea or constipation. At the advanced stage is dominated by constipation, this is due to the overlap of the lumen of the sigmoid colon.
5. Impurities in the stool: blood, pus and mucus.

General clinical manifestations

A Common characteristic clinical manifestation of adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon are weakness, quick weight loss, some patients due to bleeding of the tumor anemia.

The Big problem is that the inflammatory process which develops in a cavity reminiscent of a sigmoid colon cancer. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of possible incorrect diagnosis.

At the stage of metastasis metastases are the body's blood vessels, spread over the surface. The first places for the growth of malignant cells, which diagnoses a doctor, are in the lymph nodes and only after that starts the infection of parenchymatous organs. Primary lesion have on the liver.

Liver injury manifested by jaundice, bitter taste in the mouth. Specialist may probe metastases by palpation. There are also metastases in the MRI, ultrasound.

Treatment

The Most effective and positive therapeutic effect can be reached during the therapy, the first and second stages of the disease. Effect is achieved due to the surgical intervention. Surgeons make removal of the adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon.

Methods of surgical intervention through several stages:

• During the first stage involves the complete removal of the tumor with a small interval of the sigmoid colon. Doctors suggest that for effective therapy you need to remove more than 15 cm of the colon, which is below the tumor and on two feet again. If the obstruction were absent, the ends can be stitched together. If it was noted obstruction of the intestines, the lower end of the intestines appears on the abdominal wall so that stool can be passed in a special pouch for the collection.

• In this condition, patients spend a fewmonths. This is followed by a repeated intervention is done to fully restore the normal functioning of the gastro-intestinal tract and patency of the colon. Re-intervention is not possible in all cases.
• Chemotherapy possible after the first intervention of surgeons. It is done to prevent the recurrence of the disease. After a course of chemotherapy may be repeated operations.
• Irradiation as a treatment of sigmoid colon maybe instead of chemotherapy.
• To reduce the pain of the person prescribed the drugs. If the stage of the disease is neglected, the prognosis is poor, perhaps the appointment of narcotic analgesics. Receiving strong drug drugs may not be permanent, must be extract before taking in a few hours. The usual analgesics pain is not cropped.

Treatment of sigmoid colon requires the timely intervention of doctors. If you do an operation on the first and early stages of disease, complete removal of tumors contributes to the complete cure of the patient. If the disease is started, the patient ignore visits to a medical facility for diagnosis if I went to the stage of metastasis, the prognosis is unfavorable. The metastases cannot be removed by surgery.

Adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon: forecasts

It Can be noted that prediction of tumor treatment is a conditionally favorable. If diagnosed the disease in a timely manner, at the time the activity occurred, you can count on the complete cure of adenocarcinoma. Survival of patients in more than half of the cases. Given that most surgical procedures performed in elderly patients, it is the best results.

Insights

If you have idea for adenocarcinoma, permanently marked disorder of digestion, should be urgently referred to a specialist for diagnosing diseases or exceptions. Timely treatment and prevention will help extend the life of the patient and to improve its quality.

A Delicate place of inspection can not be good patients, instead marked distress. Every person needs to understand that the doctor is a specialist who is trying to help, and the constraint is inappropriate here. One thought that timely diagnosis of tumors can extend life, should be the main criterion before going to a specialist.