Beetle Kuzka: description of development protection measures against insect

Grain beetle, or as it is called, “Kuzka”, is a pest of barley, wheat and other cereals. These insects belong to the family of the scarab, the order Coleoptera. Pests are familiar to many residents of Russia and Ukraine.

Description insect

Beetles Kuzka pests, different green, almost blue shade of leg and body. Their elytra are dark brown, they have longitudinal grooves. About flap has a dark spot (female). The size of this insect is equal to 13-16 mm. Their eggs are spherical, white, diameter about 2 mm. Length of larva up to 35 mm. It is white, and its head has a yellow-brown hue. Next, there is a brown pupa with a length up to 17 mm. the Beetles begin active life in June-July. At this time, they live on ears. To lay eggs, the females begin in July. They are lowered into the soil to a depth of 20 inches. Over time the female will produce about 50 eggs. Beetle Kuzka all stages of development takes place in the soil. Depending on temperature the eggs can “Mature” from 2 weeks to a month. The period of larval development lasts up to 23 months, during this time they survive two winters at the depth of 80 cm. By may of the second year, the larva rises higher and turns into a chrysalis to a depth of 15 cm, the Duration of development of pupae lasts from 10 to 20 days. In late may - early June I have the young beetle Kuzka.

The Spread of insect

The Birthplace of this beetle are the European steppe. It is widespread in Moldova, some regions of Western Europe, on the European part of Russia and in the steppe regions of Ukraine. In addition, it inhabits the steppes of Turkey, Kazakhstan, the Urals, the Altai, North of Iran. Substantial harm to the beetle causes in southern Russia and the black earth regions of Ukraine. It also significantly harms in Azerbaijan and some regions of Kazakhstan.

Environmental feature

Beetle Kuzka is a heat-loving creature. Young individuals begin to leave the ground only if the air warmed to a temperature not lower than +17 degrees. At a temperature of 20⁰Females begin to Mature eggs for laying. These insects are very active. Eat only in the daytime, especially if the weather is hot. By nightfall, they fall to the ground. If held bad, the cool weather, they rise from the soil. Therefore, only in very hot and dry summer grain beetles begins active growth, however, this period usually falls at the time of earing of cereals. If the summer was cold and rainy, the number of insects decreases, weragoda larvae can die. During drought they try to go deeper into the soil. Adults choose grass plants and feed on them. They prefer spring forms of rye, barley and wheat. These insects are fond of not only crop species but also wild. So they take Wheatgrass, Wheatgrass, Timothy, fire and others. These grain pests mainly “occupy” the edges of the grain fields. Beetle Kuzka eats the flesh of immature crops, and Mature grains throws off the stems.

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In the first year of development the larvae eat humus and fine roots of various plants. In the following year of life, their main diet consists of roots of sugar beet and cereals. Birds like to eat as adults and their larvae. The main enemies Kuzka is a predatory ground beetles, ktiri and scolii.

Damage bugs

Causes damage not only to an adult grain beetle, and its larvae. Annually one individual eats about 8 grams of grain, but the more he just knocks out of ears. Thus, it can destroy up to 10 spikelets. Larvae cause damage in another way. They feed on the seed sprouts and the roots of grain crops, this in turn leads to a rare shoots. It is believed that this kind of bug harmful if more than three pieces for one square meter. So, if the seeding density per km² - about 250 kolosovidnyh stems and beetles more than 10 pieces, yield losses up to 50 %. If you take the years that are favorable for the spread of this beetle, on the edges of fields in one square km could be increased to one hundred individuals.

Actions for the protection of crops from beetle

During the end of spring and early summer is necessary to carry out the cultivation and processing of row-spacings. This event leads to massive destruction of the pupae of these beetles. At the beginning of wax ripeness needed to be fast separate cleaning, picking up the rolls. Such actions also reduce the number of damaged grains. In addition to sowing on the following year grain beetle Kuzka crawling out of the earth, it is necessary to conduct early post-harvesting plowing, and perform stubbling. These actions lead to the death of eggs and larvae before they delve into the lower layers of the soil.

If the number of bugs exceeds the threshold (more than 3 pieces on 1 sq. m.), on wheat in the period of breast maturity is necessary to organize the planting spraying insecticides, KE (l/ha) smithiana – 0,8-1 or decis extra – 0,05. The last spraying should be carried out not later than 20 days prior to harvest.