A socio-psychological phenomenon: definition, classification

Socio-psychological phenomena accompany us through life. These include perception, imitation, understanding, inspiration, leadership, persuasion, relationships and much more. All this is usually manifested in the process of communication, which, in turn, in psychology, is considered to be the Central phenomenon. However, all – in order.

Specifications

First, it should be noted that socio-psychological phenomena usually considered at several levels – officially formalized, personal and institutional, and interpersonal. And indeed all communication, in principle, is perceived as a means of improving the quality of education and labour, as a special phenomenon. It is in the process formed a psycho-social structure of the individual, small groups and entire communities.

So, what are the specifics of a given topic? That all socio-psychological phenomena that appear to us familiar, are traditionally considered from several points of view. To be more precise – their “sorting” levels.

At first something social only acts as a corrector for biological and natural. Appears on the second human factor. Take into account differences in age, gender, account is taken of the continuity of generations.

And finally, the third level. He, to put it briefly, includes economic and political conditions that are important causes of socialization.

A Central element in all this is a conceptual apparatus. That is, the concepts that Express the structure of small groups, individual, and mass character of phenomena.

Classification

A Socio-psychological phenomenon of social psychology and their manifestations depend on many factors. From communities, small and large groups in which they occur.

Also on their type. Community can be organized and unorganized. The phenomena occurring in them, are called mass character (this will be discussed below), and behavior – natural.

Has a value and a class of psychological phenomena. Phenomena can be rationally meaningful (opinion, belief, value), ordered emotionally (mood, social sense), which operates in certain conditions (for example, in extreme or conflict situations). And of course they are conscious or unconscious.

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About public opinion: definition

Theoretical knowledge is useful, but it should go to the practice and to consider socio-psychological phenomena directly. One of them is a form of mass consciousness. That is, public opinion. It appears the attitude of people (sometimes whole groups) to specific processes. In the definition of specified – which to those that affect their needs or interests. But the reality shows that contemporary people Express their opinion in relation to the whole, even if they are not affected.

Characteristic

Public opinion can be formed in different ways – either consciously or spontaneously. In the latter case the judgment is based on certain information that is passed from one mouth to the other. Take, for example, the political sphere. It is unlikely that people in modern society all the polls are experts in the topics, it is concerning. However, b&mónica;most part of them are happy to talk about politics, and many of their judgments seem smart. Why? Because the opinion expressed by them, based on the information provided by the media themselves, political figures, influential people. This is the best. Usually still the place to be the rumors, misconceptions, gossip, ideology, beliefs.

In fact, people absorb in their minds all they had heard, and then simply reinforce it with your own guesses. And here «their» opinion is formed.

About the conscious approach

It is possible to allocate a separate short subject. Because the conscious approach in our time is not so “popular”, as the above mentioned. Since the natural way of life. To the opinion of conscious people (most or all) should fit the perception of reality is subjective. This implies the ability to think independently, rarely focusing on something common and already established in society. Which, again, is not peculiar to all.

Scale

Have a public opinion one feature – it has an impact. Even if developed in small team.

Example: there is a relatively small company, which employs 50 people. As elsewhere, there is someone called pariah. Why is it people have such an opinion? Perhaps he was not as sociable as everyone else, or always been quiet and didn't mind anyone. If the team are normal people, that person will not cause any discussions. But it often happens that this type of personality be “rogue”, “the scapegoat” to stall them anyone not a pleasant experience. Their nesudimosti speculate, weave around intrigue. And then, one time such person becomes final, invented his “kind”.

And this is just one example. What to say about the impactpublic opinion, which covers international issues and economic issues.

Interactions

The Joint activity is also commonly perceived as a socio-psychological phenomenon. Why? Because it is – the relationship with other people, carried out any purpose.

It can not be translated into reality if its members have nothing in common. Compatible in all cases. The first version is called psycho-physiological. It manifests itself in those cases where joint activities are carried out similar people. They share similar traits, identical behavioral responses, similar devices, perhaps even the world. All this leads to consistency between them. As mandatory to achieve the goals.

The Second option compatibility is social-psychological. It is considered to be the most optimal. Because it involves a combination of behavioral patterns of people in a particular group and their common attitudes, interests and values.

Cohesion and the achievement of results

This – something that involves the joint activity. Cohesion is the process in which a specific relationship between people, by which they are combined in a “one body". All, again, for the sake of achieving certain goals and results. Each of the members of the group interested in it.

Decided to allocate the levels of cohesion. And the first usually is the development of emotional contact – an expression of sympathy and disposition of people to each other, for example. The second level involves the process of convincing each man that his system of values coincides with the other. And the third is the division of a common goal.

All this affects the formation of so-called socio-psychological climate in the team, contributing to the maintenance of the General mood, a decent standard of health and well-being.

Phenomenon among the masses

The company – it is a form of bringing people together. Accordingly, such a thing as mass character of the psyche relates to the topic directly. Derive from it and other terms. Mass consciousness, for example. It is one of the most common. Or mass mood. We've all heard of these concepts.

For example, the mass character of the phenomenon of psyche. So-called certain phenomena that arise, exist and develop in quite large social groups. These are the mass moods. It – mental state, which cover a large number of people. Prerequisites their appearance, usually, are the events of political, social, economic, and even spiritual nature. Of course, often the most pronounced negative mass mood. Which is able to destroy the social and political system established in society and hateful to him. The tumultuous events of the ‘nineties" showed how moods can be influential.

Personality

She, too, is the place to be in the subject of socio-psychological phenomena. Often because they do not refer to society as a single person. It refers to those phenomena which are due to the features, behavior and actions of a specific person. It can be social status, the role of personality, her attitude, values, settings. Often it happens that because of one only person in a group (in the same working team) such things happen, you do not have a place to be. If, for example, the office manages the evil boss, constantly and for any reason break on the staff – that every time he is there, most workers will be strained as well. Because everyone will anticipate “storm”, and accept yourself as a potential victim. And, again, this is only one example.

What is the law follow?

The Answer to this question at the time, gave the French sociologist Gabriel Tarde. More precisely, he formulated it.

Tarde argued that imitation is the main driving force of social development – it's a travesty. And all the similarities that can be in our world, due to regular recurrence.

Sociologist have identified the logical laws of imitation – those based on the means of dissemination of certain innovations or calculation purpose. As a separate category was designated innovations.

But the most important thing in the law – the fact that the imitation goes to the outside from inside. In other words, the mind is always ahead of the feelings. Ideas come before sense. A goal – before tools. And of course, the desire to emulate the people is the only the prestigious. Because hierarchy is of great importance.

The Functions of social groups and division them

It has always been. Socio-psychological groups are the same as and humanity. Over time, the only change is their names. But there were also positive associations of persons having some common social basis.

There are a variety of approaches regarding the definition of the classification of the functions of such groups. Decided to allocatefew as basic.

The First function-socialization. It is believed that man is only a group can ensure its existence and survival .

The Second function – instrumental. Involves the joint implementation group of the particular activity (the interaction we have already mentioned).

The Third function-expressive. This includes all that relates to psychology. It is a mutual people's approval, respect, trust, friendship, feelings, emotions and more.

And finally, the fourth function-support. Its essence lies in the fact that all people seek to unite in difficult situations. These are socio-psychological characteristics. Together to cope with something lighter (both physically and mentally) than one.

The problem

The Topic relating to them, it should also be noted. Socio-psychological problems of concern today.

Take, for example, a small group, like family. In our time, not every Union is going to disappear in a natural way – that is, leaving to another world one of the spouses. Often the marriages break up. About 80%, according to statistics! And almost always the reasons are emerging and unresolved psychological problems.

Or perhaps the elderly. They also have a lot of problems of socio-psychological nature. One of the few is the sharp decline in their status in society. They cease effectively to function as individuals, which often leads to breakdowns.

And the youth? Many people think that one of them is certainly to be no problems should. But this is nothing more than bias and stereotypes. Finding your place in life, attempts to “join” in society and in certain groups, the competition in all its manifestations. Yes, we all have problems of different socio-psychological characteristics. But they accompany us always, at any age. And some, perhaps, more often, others less often. Can they be avoided completely? Yes, of course. If you live outside of society. That, however, hard to achieve.