The psychological theory of memory. General characteristics

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2018-03-20 09:52:08

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Memory is a unique phenomenon that enables man not to remain permanently in the condition of the newborn. So the full its vital processes will be possible only if properly functioning this mental process.

There are a large number of hypotheses and trends that can help to explain the phenomenon of memory. They were formed over many years of study. But a unified theory of memory does not exist, and it is possible to allocate sledujushie:

  • Informatsionno-kiberneticheskie;
  • Fiziologicheskaya;
  • Biokhimicheskaya;
  • Khimicheskaya;
  • Physical.

All of the psychological theory of memory developed in two major directions.

First, associative. It is based on the following postulate: if certain education in the human psyche arise in the mind at the same time or one after another, a clear associative link between them. Re-appears when any of these elements, the consciousness is called the full view of all the system elements.

Secondly, the theory of activity according to which it is memory that can be the factor that determines the formation of all processes. The first will be to create connections between memorized material and actions that you produce. This is remembering, and preserving, the reproduction of memorized information.

Let us Consider in more detail the main theories of memory.

Physical theory of memory Was built on the following tenets:

  • A nerve impulse that goes through a special group of nerve cells that can cause at the site of contact mechanical and electrical changes;
  • They leave behind physical traces;
  • Thanks to these changes is provided by the repeated passage of a pulse on this same path;
  • The result is the memorization of the material.

The theory of memory also include Chemical concept. It is based on the following provisions:

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  • Any information is able to be remembered due to chemical changes in the nerve cells;
  • It is under the influence of external irritants;
  • The result starts to happen the rearrangement of the protein molecules in the neurons, especially nucleic acid molecules;
  • DNA - the carrier of genetic memory, RNA - individual.

Theory of memory were supplemented by Biochemical concept. The basic tenets of it are as follows:

  • A two-stage character of remembering;
  • At the lower level in the brain is short, every second reaction system causes physiological changes;
  • They have a reversible nature and act as a mechanism for short-term memory;
  • In the second stage (biochemical) formation of new protein substances (proteins);
  • At the last stage, irreversible changes occur in neurons, they form long-term memory.

Theories of memory include the Physiological theory, which is based on the concept of I. P. Pavlov. The basic tenet is that there are specific patterns in the work of GNI, and in the act of memory is only a conditioned reflex. Due to this there is the formation of connections between new information and the content that was previously recorded in memory.

Informational-cybernetic theory of memory Took shape when there was computer technology and development programming. This required a constant search for ways how to receive, process, and store information machine. This made the technical and algorithmic modeling of memory processes that occur in the human brain.

Concepts took shape a lot, and each has its own "rational".


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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