Al-Bukhari: biography and writings

Muhammad al-Bukhari – famous author of the collection of hadith. Was a Magian and died without accepting Islam. His son named al-Mugira not followed the path of his father and became a supporter of the religion. He never about it regretted. In this article you will be presented with the biography of al-Bukhari. So, let's start.

Childhood and education

Al-Bukhari was born in 194 year of the Hijra. In early childhood, the future Imam lost his eyesight. However, a long and sincere prayers of the mother miraculously healed him. About getting rid of the disease, she learned in a dream. It came to Hazrat Ibrahim and said: “Thanks to the Holy and abundant prayers, Allah has returned the eyesight of your son”. In the morning, it became clear that the dream was prophetic.

The boy's Father Ismail was a very educated man. Unfortunately, he didn't have much time to teach my son since before he died. The education of Muhammad has a mother. She was also well educated, so controlled the process of his training. At the age of 16 years old young man, along with his brother and mother made a pilgrimage to Mecca. Native future Imam returned home, and he decided to stay in the Holy city for two years. Medina – that's where he went in 18 years al-Bukhari. Books, preparation of which involved a young man in the tomb of the Prophet, called the "Tarikh-ul-Kabir” and “Kadas-Sahaba UAT-Tabiin”. He did not stop working even at night as the lunar light as the lovely source of lighting.

To gain new knowledge, Imam al-Bukhari was forced to travel a lot. He traveled to Egypt, Syria, and lived in Arabia for six years. The hero of this article was four times visited Kufa, Baghdad and Basra. Sometimes he could stay in a particular city for several years. Only one was consistently – in the period of the Hajj, the Imam always returned to Mecca.

Teachers

The Hadith of al-Bukhari began to study and listen in the 205 year. And 5 years later, having received some amount of knowledge from the ulama of his native city, went on a journey. Teachers had a lot. Muhammad himself said about this: «1080 different people dictated to me the hadith. Each of them was a scientist". But the most valuable knowledge the Imam has received from two people – Ali Ibn Madini, and Ibn Ishaq Rahva. Also al-Bukhari transmitted ahadith from their students. He believed that the traditions have spread from the younger, middle and older generation. The only way to become a scholar of hadith.

Followers

They were with the Imam were a great many. About 9000 people attended his classes, based on work ‘Sahih al-Bukhari”. To get unique knowledge from this book, pilgrims flocked to the lessons of the Imam from all over the world.

Amazing memory

Al-Bukhari had a good memory, intelligence and insight. For 7 years he learned the whole Qur'an, and by 10 knew more than a thousand hadith. Hearing the legend, one day, the boy would remember him and could, if necessary, easy to reproduce.

Once in Baghdad it occurred a significant event. The people who heard from others about the many qualities and achievements of the Imam, decided to check it out. For this was chosen a hundred different hadith. Each of them changed the text and chain of narrators. Then ten people read them as such, the Imam.

To review the result of the experiment was a huge number of people. After the reading of each tradition Muhammad answered the same way: “as far As I know, it's wrong”. Once all the hadith were announced, al-Bukhari repeated each of them properly, in compliance with a changed chain of transmitters. Here is such a phenomenal memory had the Imam.

Temperance

Muhammad had a firm and unparalleled austerity. From his father he inherited a huge fortune, but because of his generosity, the Imam quickly squandered the money. Left without money, al-Bukhari was eating just a few almonds a day.

The Imam many times had the chance to benefit from the generosity of the rulers, but he never did. Once Muhammad became ill. The doctor, after examining the tests of his urine, found that al-Bukhari is very long did not use curry. During the conversation with the patient the doctor found out about the Imam of abstinence from this product for the last forty years.

Special qualities

Al-Bukhari (PDF-books Imam on niche sites are popular) always put the pleasure of others above your own. This confirms the case of a slave. Approaching the door of the room where the Imam was sitting, she tripped. Muhammad warned her: “Watch where you're going”. She said: “How to walk, if there is no place?" then al-Bukhari threw up his hands and said: “Now you can go wherewish, I give you freedom”.

The Imam has always paid attention to the little things that would have helped him to achieve greater pleasure of Allah. A similar case happened with him in the mosque. Standing in the crowd a man found in the beard of a feather and threw it on the floor. Noticed by al-Bukhari. Choosing a moment when no man watched, the Imam picked up the pen and put it in his pocket. After leaving the mosque, Muhammad, threw it away, realizing that helped to stay the place of worship clean.

Another illustrative case occurred during the Commission of the Imam Zuhr-prayers. After his graduation, al-Bukhari has performed a nafl. Then he turned to his comrades, lifted his shirt and asked if there was anyone there. Suddenly from beneath the clothes flew a wasp. She left not the body of al-Bukhari seventeen bites. One of the companions asked the Imam why he did not interrupt the prayer. The scholar of hadith said that he had experienced from prayer a certain pleasure and did not want to be interrupted for such a trifle.

Steadfastness

This quality of Imam perfectly demonstrates the situation with the ruler of Bukhara. Once he asked Muhammad to teach his children. Al-Bukhari rejected the request, saying that showing more respect for knowledge than to people. They should strive to be, not Vice versa.

The Answer did not like the head of the city. The Governor has again asked the Imam to separately work out with his children. But Muhammad was adamant. Secondary refusal greatly angered the head of Bukhara. He ordered to expel Imam from the city. On hearing this, the residents of Samarkand sent from al-Bukhari's invitation to them to visit. But in this city of Muhammad was the enemy. In the end, the scholar of hadith went to Hartang.

Main work

On account of the Imam written a lot of books. But a special respect and honor is only one collection of hadith by al-Bukhari. In the study of legends, he has the highest status. Called this work "Sahih al-Bukhari”.

Nobody knows the exact date of the beginning of its execution. But it is known that after the completion of the collection of the Imam presented it for the consideration of three of their teachers: Ibn Maine (died in the year 233), Ibn-ul-Madini (died in year 234) and Ahmad Ibn Holdall (died in year 241). There is also evidence that al-Bukhari was engaged in the preparation of the collection for 16 years. This indicates the approximate date of the beginning of work on the book – 217 year. The Imam was then only 23 years old.

Long before he published a collection of al-Bukhari there were many books of hadith. Muhammad carefully studied them and found that there is a tradition as strong and weak chains of transmitters. This led the Imam to the idea of creating a collection, which would include only the exceptionally hadith with strong isnad. This idea was supported by his teacher Ishaq Ibn Rahway that has strengthened al-Bukhari in his decision. In addition, it strengthened the desire of the dream Imam sleep. Muhammad was standing with a fan next to the Prophet and waved off the flies. Waking up in the morning, the scholar of hadith went to several interpreters to obtain the interpretation of night vision. They all replied the same: in the future Muhammad will clear the Prophet from lies people, pass on misunderstood legends. This reassured the Imam and gave strength to write a collection of ‘Sahih al-Bukhari”. It includes the texts of the legends, which tells of the actions, sayings and life of the Prophet.

It is Important to note that this was only true hadith al-Bukhari. That is, the Imam chose only those stories that meet specified conditions and standards. The main criterion was a strong chain of transmitters. In all the years working on the book Muhammad edited it three times. Some said that the Imam began to write a collection in Bukhara, others spoke about Mecca, and others said about Basra and the fourth saw him for the compilation of the Medina. However, the Imam pointed out the true place of writing. It was the Masjid al-Haram. Go on.

Before you enable the collection of hadith, al-Bukhari made ghusl and indulged in prayers. He asked Allah for guidance, making two Rakaat nafl-namaz. Then the Imam thoroughly reviewed and analyzed the existing tradition, and only if the result is satisfied, the hadith came to the collector. Because of such a careful and caring attitude to the texts people have the impression that Muhammad heard them personally from the Prophet.

The name of the collection suggests that it includes only the hadith with a strong chain of transmitters. On the other hand, al-Bukhari tried to explain all the complicated aspects. Therefore, if the proposal was attended by difficult word, the Imam immediately published for the convenience of a lot of its values. In "Sahih al-Bukhari” you can watch the mastery of Muhammad, the transmission of the hadith collected in eight chapters. The latter was divided into themes, sub-divided, in turn, subheadings and known the original way they are formulated.

The reasons for the popularity

Why is the collection of hadith "Sahih al-Bukhari" is singled out from the rest? Why he enjoys special respect? The reasons are as follows:

1. If it was necessary to suspend work on the collection, al-Bukhari resumed it only after writing “Bismillah". Therefore, this expression is often mentioned in the pages of his books.
2. At the end of each Chapter Imam intentionally used in the sentence the word which would have forced the reader to think more consciously approach his main purpose in life. For example, immediately after the first part of "Sahih al-Bukhari” he included the word, suggestive thoughts about the short duration of life and of death.
3. Great value, the Imam was made to include the start and end of any collection of hadith. He considered it extremely important. The first hadith "Sahih al-Bukhari” dedicated to the intention. This gives the reader the chance not to lie to himself about what he wants to get when looking the words of the Prophet presented in the book. In the last Chapter called "Kitab-ut-Tawheed" Muhammad many times praised the oneness of Allah. That is, in the opinion of the Imam, will be the salvation of the people in the day of judgment, when they will be forced to report to him your sins.

According to reports Allama Nawawi, Islamic scholars have recognized "Sahih al-Bukhari" the most authentic book after the Holy Quran. This collection includes 7275 hadith including the repeated tradition. If to exclude them, you get exactly 4000.

Hafiz Ibn Hajar counted the stories and came to the conclusion that directly from the Prophet gave 7397 hadith. Given the narratives of Tabiano, the sahabah, etc., this figure had risen to 9407. If we exclude the repetition, then, according to Ibn Hajar, will remain 160 reports from the sahabah and 2353 narration from the Prophet. That makes a total of 2513 legends.

Terms of inclusion

A particular hadith could get the collection unless the narrator meets the requirements of al-Bukhari. One of the conditions was the presence of a great memory. Also among the demands were certain restrictions:

1. In the chain of narrators should not be missing from the links of the transmitters.
2. All reputable mukadisi required to unanimously agree about the nomination of the narrator of the tales. They need to figure out whether the narrator is to learn, to remember and to reliably transmit the hadith.
3. If the legend has two different transmitters (at the same time it came to them from the sahabah), he must assign a high rank. In the case of only one transmitter, but with a strong testimony of the hadith should also be accepted without any doubt.

Death

On the way to Samarkand al-Bukhari, whose biography is presented in the paper, wrote his will, prayed and departed to the other world. The Imam was buried in the village Hartang. Witnesses said that during this event, from the grave spread the flavor, and around appeared the image of the wall, ascending to the heavens. The smell of vital for several days, and people came to see this miracle. Visited the grave and envious of al-Bukhari. Realizing the level, they repented.

Once Samarkand was overtaken by severe drought. Despite committing a people of prayer, the rain never went. Then one righteous person advised the Imam along with the people to go to the grave of al-Bukhari and pray to Allah there. They heeded his advice. In the end, all the inhabitants of Samarkand had to stay in Partake, as heavy rains continued for a few days.

Reviews

Many scientists (contemporaries of al-Bukhari) is very well evaluated the work of Muhammad. Suffice it to say that in the field of science of hadith he was called “Prince of the believers". There is a story which confirms this nickname al-Bukhari. Muslim (other Imam), Muhammad kissed his forehead, told him: “Oh, the teacher of teachers, let me kiss your legs”. After that he asked al-Bukhari about the hadith about the expiation for the meeting. The Imam pointed out to him the shortcomings of this tradition. When Muhammad had finished speaking, Muslim said: “Only the haters can hate al-Bukhari! Indicate that the world's just not like you!” Another scientist by the name of Bandar said: “I know only the four best Muhiddinov. This is the ad-Darimi from Samarkand, Nishapur Muslim from Abu Zura from Rey and al-Bukhari from Bukhara”. In the opinion of Ishaq bin Rehavia, even if Muhammad lived in the time of al-Hasan, people still would have needed in his stories and knowledge of fiqh. Abu Hatim al-Razi believed al-Bukhari, the most knowledgeable scientist who had visited Baghdad. According to At-Tirmidhi, either in Khurasan or Iraq was not a person who knew the history and understood the shortcomings of hadith, like Muhammad. Ibn Khuzaimah said: “Under the firmament, I have not met a more knowledgeable in the traditions of the Messenger of Allah, no one who remembered so many stories, how many Muhammad”. Abu al-Abbas al-Dalavi gave the descendants a couple of lines from the message the people of Baghdad to Muhammad: “While you're with the Muslims, since they will not leave. You will be missed and you will not find anyone better than al-Bukhari”. Imam Ahmad said: “Like he was in Khorasan”.

Interesting facts

• The Life and work of al-Bukhari was sent in search of hadith. He traveled so much. Those who accompanied the Imam in the path, talked about his unexpected rises in the night for 15-20 times to repeat the written hadith. Although for remembering the page he only had to look at her only once. What he read and repeated the hadith? Everything is simple – al-Bukhari liked the speech of the Prophet. Also the Imam was made the night before thirteen RAK namaz. And this despite the difficulties in the way.
• Al-Nawawi wrote that the dignity of the Imam is simply impossible to enumerate. About every quality you could write a separate treatise. This is a piety, asceticism, excellent memory, hard work in the acquisition of hadith, performed miracles, etc.
• Al-Bukhari was sturdy and well developed physically. He is shot from a bow and rarely missed. Also, the Imam was perfectly ridden a horse. If the path had to cross a dangerous area, he went to bed early. So the Imam was reserved forces in case of an attack of robbers.
• At that time a real miracle was that al-Bukhari had a day to finish reading the whole Quran, and in the night mastered one third of this book. For ordinary people it was physically impossible, but Allah gave his beloved Imam's grace in time.
• For criticism of any person al-Bukhari used a moderate expression. When someone told others about the hadith, the Imam did not accuse him of lying. He only said: “These hadith are not considered” or “accepted”.
• Al-Bukhari has stated that she wants to meet Allah without libata (sin of the blasphemy behind). That is, never in my life the Imam did not say behind people that may not please them.