The coat of arms of Pskov: history and description

Since ancient times, this city became the shield of Russian land in the North-West of the country. Over the centuries it has withstood so many sieges that the valor of the defenders of the fortress began to explain, including and protection of the heavenly powers.

God save the city – one of the semantic content, which has the coat of arms of Pskov, one of the oldest in Russian heraldry.

Pardus, leopard, lynx

Pskov has always been considered the younger brother of the Great Novgorod. Both cities for several centuries has maintained its independence from the Moscow Principality. In both cities for a long time, there was a special form of government – Veche Republic, and trade relations with Northern Europe was the basis of economic development. In the commercial records of the Pskov merchants has long been used the seal with the image of the beast feline breeds, which subsequently moved to the coat of arms of Pskov. It is different identificireba domestic historians and scholars of heraldry.

It is recognized and the tiger, and the leopard, and even Cheetah. In “Painting all state seals" (1626) of Pskov “savage beast” called bars, and the armorial banner, which served as the Royal standard of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, it is marked as “lynx bejasa”. The main reason of the ambiguity of interpretation lies in the lack of experience in the standardization of the use of different symbols and rules of artistic stylization of images, which, for example, had by the time of Western European heraldry.

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Where such a beast?

Historians have No consensus in the question of the origin of the main element, which contains the coat of arms of Pskov. Unknown to scientists – lived in Pskov forests predators, like leopard or not. Archaeologists say that among found on the territory of Pskov and crafts art often find images of animal of the cat family, but one of continuity in the interpretation of such an image on tableware, jewelry, weapons, and in the seals or in the generic characters of the Governor or merchants are not traceable.

Other scientists are convinced that the arms of the city of Pskov-an example of cultural borrowing from Western European heraldic practice. Such characters are often found in the coats of arms of countries and cities, military units, trade unions and the noble families. It is possible that “Print gospodarstwa Pskov” beginning of the XVII century – this is just a free interpretation of the Swedish, German or British character.

Hand of God

In the famous “Tsarskiy titulyarnik» Alexei Mikhailovich (1672) coat of arms of Pskov is complemented by the image of the clouds and blessing the hands duberstein. A similar story appeared in the Pskov coat of arms, is depicted still on the throne of the first Russian Tsar of the Romanov dynasty-Mikhail Fedorovich. Subsequently, the hand had pictures, but it is present in the Pskov coat of arms of all time, with the exception of the Soviet period of history.

In may 1781, during the administrative reforms of Catherine II was founded the Pskov governorship. Pskov together with the status of the center of the province received the highest approved coat of arms. In the description he called "old" and contains bars in a blue field, over which the “cloud” coming from his arm. The symbols received and other cities of the Pskov province. Since the second half of the XIX century coat of arms is used with the optional design: with Golden ears of corn, entwined with a ribbon of St. Andrew and the Imperial crown. The author of the new edition of the Pskov coat of arms was a prominent Russian, king of arms, Bernhard Karl von köhne.

The Soviet period and the revival of traditions

After 1917, Pskov used for his coat of arms the historical basis that has survived since ancient times. Changes have been made to the items contained religious and monarchical overtones. Instead of the Imperial crown appeared jagged fortress, and instead of God's right hand is used for outgoing rays or the five-pointed star.

In 1992, the decision of the city authorities has been restored historic emblem, which became the basis of the version of 1859. Subsequently, the work on the coat of arms was continued to bring it in line with the requirements of the heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation. Work on urban symbolism was delayed - the deputies of the City Duma demanded an explanation to each item. In particular, there were protests against the Latin writing of the motto proposed by the heraldry: nemeni Honorem meum dabo. In an approved project of the emblem entered its Russian variant.

The Full version of the official coat of arms

In the State heraldic register of the Russian Federation No. 6264 made the official coat of arms of Pskov. Description of its following. At the top of the shield azure color-silver cloud emerging from his right-hand Nude the embodiment of God's right hand. The main element – gold bars with a raised right paw. He had a red (scarlet) tongue, silver eyes, black marks on the skin, the tail-brush. The shield is crowned with the tower petisovci a Golden crown, decorated with a Laurel wreath and a Hoop with semi-precious stones. The crown is located on top of two silver crossed swords-the symbolthe title, which was awarded the Pskov – “the City of military glory”.

The Shield kept turning leopards, like the one shown on the shield. They decorate the shoulder silver hoops with five krylovidnymi (lilies) teeth. In the front paws from the bars, along the shields, Golden swords in azure sheath, decorated with silver plates.

Leopards holding a shield, standing on a gold patterned base, entwined by the azure belt with silver letters that make up a motto: “your Honor will not give anyone”.