Technical-criminalistics examination of documents. A forensic technical examination of documents

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2018-03-27 22:32:14

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Technical-criminalistics examination of documents is a study that is assigned to identify the actual data, identification papers and means of their production. This task is achieved by using special knowledge and techniques of physics, chemistry, technology and equipment.

technical forensic examination of documents

Subjects

When assigned technical and forensic examination of documents, checks the following paper:

  1. Materials with which they are made.
  2. Should back the purchase for details.
  3. Documents.
  4. Should back the purchase to finish them.
  5. Products that are used to change the content.
  6. Other items, check on the method.

Tasks

Forensic examination aimed at solving the following tasks:

  1. Identification. Thus a face is detected, which published the text of the checked products and materials, established technical facilities used and reproduced parts of documents.
  2. Classification. The object is checked for belonging to a particular group.
  3. Diagnostic. When this is checked, as and when made of paper, there had been any changes to it, and is determined by the original text.

Together with the invention of new methods of manufacturing are growing and methods of the counterfeiting. Developing and technical-criminalistic examination of documents.

forensics

Research forms

Forms — is designed and protected sheets of paper made by the printing details or otherwise.

For government securities are the prerequisites. In business turnover it is accepted to arrange them accordingly. Blank is required to understand the source organization. They are made in printing, where each order is numbered and replicated. Forms with a crest only on the printing companies that have received the licenses to work.

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Counterfeiting can be different, depending on the education of the forger, the skills and availability of equipment. For example, the text can be drawn. Then visible deviation, uneven spacing between lines and letters. If this is letterpress, then there is a convex topography, a thicker layer, the difference of font and so on. Flat print is accompanied by a deviation of the sizes of the images of the characters from the authentic Blanca, lack of clarity, with discontinuous strokes and so on.
When is a forensic forensic examination, along with the researched documents provide original samples with the same printed form and ordered in the same printing house, under the same number. Compare them on all the grounds on the basis of which to draw conclusions.

In accordance with the current legislation of printing products has the following security features:

  • A unique number;
  • Watermark:
  • Special fibers;
  • Luminescence by the ultraviolet radiation;
  • Special printing;
  • A background mesh of the two colors;
  • The thread protection;
  • Protection against color copying.

To Make a forgery, the original document which is produced the printing company to be profitable. Therefore usually apply simulation methods. It means getting effects which when viewed, similar to that used on the letterhead, however, made with other technologies.

independent forensic examination

The Study of signatures and prints of seals

Stamp — this image on paper made by a mechanical application of the pad to assure authenticity.

Traditionally, the fake prints as follows:

  • Draw;
  • Reproduction-cut leather, rubber or linoleum cliché;
  • Through a set of typographic letters;
  • Using perekopivka.

The Paper falsifiziert, striking prints and other ways. Most often technical-criminalistics examination of documents reveals the use of modern technologies, which are used in the manufacture of the originals. To identify give 10 to 20 prints.

The Forgery is carried out by stroking or applying print. Depending on the execution visible:

  • Put the finishing touches on carbon paper;
  • An unusual location on the line;
  • Differences in the color of the strokes;
  • Vdavleno;
  • Breaks and reduced coordination;
  • Rasplavy;
  • Damage;
  • Blobs and more.

Additional Notes, re-printing and Erasure

forensic examination

Insert in the form dopisok or dopechatat are adding letters, words, text or characters. The main signs in this case is:

  • The distinction of handwriting in terms of size, slant, alignment;
  • Lodging in fields, edges, lines;
  • The difference of ink.

The Cleanup is done mechanically - removing or scraping. Signs in this case are:

  • Vzjeroshenij paper, the smaller the thickness, the damage of a protective grid, the disappearance of gloss,
  • Traces of the strokes of the text, which was originally.

Changing sheets and photos

Independent forensic expertise are able to distinguish between the replacement of one sheet or more in the followingfeatures:

  • Different size tiles;
  • Traces of staples;
  • Shade of paper.

Replacing photos realize by plywood, followed by drawing the impression of the plywood with its preservation, stickers layer emulsion, which was withdrawn from the imprint of the original photographs. To detect forgery is possible in the absence of print, the mismatch of parts on the photo and form, difference of density or other characteristics.

Setting the initial contents

questions-forensic

Technical-criminalistic forensics is able to recover the crossed out, blurred and crossed out of the record. The methods detect and amplify the differences in the materials, which were deposited interference. This applies to:

  • Research picture, when a difference is seen, for example, x-rays, in the field of currents or konopataya beams;
  • Up by a wet or diffuse copy
  • Separation;
  • Other methods.

In matters of forensics can login and play faded and faded texts that is carried out using physical, chemical and physico-chemical methods, amplifies the difference between the stroke and the surface, fluorescence analysis, infrared and more.
Sometimes possible to reconstruct burned documents, dried, charred and often broken.

Establishment of limitation production of documents

Before the experts can be a question of time records. In this activity distinguish between absolute and relative remoteness. When first installed, when the document is drawn up, and in the second — the sequence of entries in it.

forensic examination of MoscowAt the same time absolute remoteness independent forensic examination determines, by identifying invariant characteristics over time (the content, the document base, etc.) and modifiable (age used pastes from ballpoint pens, ink jet printing, etc.). As for the old relative, it is known: in proceedings customary to first make the text, then sign the document, and then seal. If this order is violated, then we can talk about installation. Such questions also addresses forensic examination. Moscow as the capital has the most appropriate centres. But in the other cities if necessary, conducted a similar examination.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/the-law/13801-technical-criminalistics-examination-of-documents-a-forensic-technical.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/zakon/24671-tehn-ka-krym-nal-stychnaya-ekspertyza-dakumenta-pravyadzenne-sudova-te.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/das-gesetz/24695-technische-forensische-pr-fung-der-dokumente-ein-forensisch-technische.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-ley/24715-t-cnico-forense-de-la-prueba-pericial-de-los-documentos-la-realizaci-n.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/the-law/13823-criminalistics.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/the-law/13825-criminalistics.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/za/24662-tehnikaly--kriminalistikaly-saraptamasy-zh-rg-zu-zhattardy-sot-tehnika.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/prawo/24588-techniczno-kryminalistyczne-badania-dokument-w-przeprowadzenie-s-dowo-.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/a-lei/24602-de-viabilidade-t-cnico-kriminalisticheskaya-exame-de-documentos-a-real.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/hukuk/24666-fizibilite-al-mas--adli-t-p-uzmanl-k-belgeleri-yap-lmas-i-in-adli-t-p-.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/zakon/24639-tehn-ko-krim-nal-stichna-ekspertiza-dokument-v-provedennya-sudovo-tehn.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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