A large machine-building factories of Russia

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2020-05-18 13:20:23

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Russia – industrial country with a long history of industrial development. Accordingly, machine-building plants of Russia plays a leading role in the economy of the country. In total industrial production share of machine building products is in the range of 20%. It is a good global average, however, it must be increased, because the number of industrialized countries the figure is close to 40% or more.

Engineering plants of Russia

The industry's Place in the industry of Russia

The mechanical engineering of Russia in the structure of the national economy is disputing the first place with the fuel industry and significantly exceeds other sectors of the economy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union its share of “shared stash” from 28% (1990) has slipped to 16% (1995), but then began a gradual recovery. The beginning of the XXI century, the figures increased to 19%, and in 2015 – up to 22%.

In 2013 machine-building plants of Russia earned $ 190 billion (6 trillion rubles). Only in Russia, there are 19 industrial complexes, more than one hundred sub-sectors and individual industries. In engineering, involved more than 40,000 enterprises of all levels and of various forms of ownership (including 2000 – large), which is one third of the total number of industrial enterprises. The industry employs 1/3 of the working population: over 4.5 million people (3.5 million of which – workers). A large number of workers defines the social importance of industry in providing employment.

Historical background

The Peoples of the Russian metal has engaged in since time immemorial. In the Urals, discovered ancient settlements, where the metal was melted and manufactured various products for more than 6,000 years ago. In Kievan Rus in the X century, there were large workshops that manufacture complex products. In the XII century, our ancestors mastered lathes and milling machines. However, the first machine-building plants in Russia appeared in the sixteenth century. They were connected with the arms business and was located in Tula. Production based on local iron ore, but there were small, scattered and unsystematic.

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machine-building factories of Russia list

Locomotives industry

The wide range of manufactured products leads to the fact that many large machine-building plants of Russia, as the exclusive producers of certain types of products, at the same time have a relatively small volume of sales in money terms. With the largest Russian companies in the fuel industry, metallurgy and petrochemistry comparable in sales volume only of OJSC “AVTOVAZ”, ACC “Dry”, OJSC “GAS”, the group “JUICE” and JSC «KAMAZ».

Among the leading include mainly the automotive industry (sub-sectors of civil engineering with the highest share in the structure of production of engineering products) and defense industry, and the total number of large machine-building plants (with an annual turnover of more than 5 billion) is relatively small.

Holdings and financial-industrial groups

The engineering of Russia in recent years has embarked on the formation of holding companies and financial-industrial groups (figs). There is further development of machine-building companies and holdings that were created in previous years (United machine-building plants, power engineering Corporation, “New programs and concepts" and others), and the formation of new groups created on the basis of capital earned in other sectors. The most notable expansion in the machine building and metallurgical companies, which resulted in the formation of the automotive industry powerful FPG “RusPromAvto” and the group of automobile companies “Severstal”. As a result, in most sub-sectors formed by one or several large companies (groups), occupying them in a dominant position.

The Largest machine-building plants of Russia

List of companies with more than 12000 employees, was reduced by an order (from 120 to a few dozen). TOP 10 companies by number of workers in them in recent decades has undergone a sea change. The number of factories are actually bankrupt, while others have significantly reduced staff. For example, we give a comparative table of the giants of mechanical engineering at the peak of its development and to date.

13000 (2014)

Number of employees

Maximum number

2000

Recent data

AVTOVAZ

115000

110000

52000 (2015)

The GAS

110000

107000

25000 (2013)

KAMAZ

100000

50500

40700 (2013)

ZIL

79500

19700

2300 (2014)

The Chelyabinsk tractor

54500

21900

«Калашников» ("Ижмаш")

47000

24800

4500 (2013)

«Уралмашзавод»

45000

15500

14000 (2011)

«Уралвагонзавод»

42000

29000

30000 (2015)

«Севмаш»

38000

27700

25000 (2011)

«Ростсельмаш»

35000

14800

10000 (2013)

Более детальный список крупных действующих компаний по регионам выглядит следующим образом.

Московский машиностроительный завод

Центральный федеральный округ

На западе России сконцентрированы высокотехнологичные предприятия ВПК (в частности, авиа- и ракетостроение, системы ПВО и РЛС, огнестрельное оружие, колесная техника), космической отрасли, выпускается широкая номенклатура дизельных моторов, железнодорожной техники, станков и оборудования. В Калужской области действует целый кластер автопредприятий зарубежных производителей. Между тем отечественные автогиганты АЗЛК и ЗИЛ растеряли былое величие.

  • Предприятия ВКО «Алмаз-Антей» (общее число работников концерна 98000 человек). Включает Московский машиностроительный завод «Авангард» (производство зенитных ракет), Долгопрудненское НПП (зенитно-ракетные комплексы), НПО ЛЭМЗ (радиолокационные станции), Московский радиотехнический завод (радиоаппаратура) и другие.
  • ГКНПЦ им. М. В. Хруничева (43500 чел., Москва) – ведущее предприятие ракетно-космической промышленности. Разрабатывает и производит ракеты-носители «Протон», «Ангара».
  • Московский машиностроительный завод «Знамя Труда» и РСК «МиГ» (14500 чел., Москва) – выпуск истребителей «МиГ».
  • Автозаводы иностранных компаний: «Рено Россия» («Автофрамос», 2300 чел., Москва), «ПСМА Рус» (PSA Peugeot Citroen и Mitsubishi, Калужская обл.), «Фольксваген Груп Рус» (Калужская обл.), «Вольво Восток» (Калужская обл.) и другие.
  • РКК «Энергия» (Королев) – ведущее ракетно-космическое предприятие мира.
  • ВПК «НПО машиностроения» (18000 чел., Реутов) – ракетно-космическая техника.
  • МЗ «ЗиО-Подольск» (4700 чел.) – оборудование для АЭС и ТЭЦ.
  • «Коломенский завод» (6400 чел.) – тепловозы, электровозы, дизельное оборудование.
  • Брянский машиностроительный завод (6800 чел.) – тепловозы, вагоны.
  • «Автодизель» (Ярославский автозавод) – производство двигателей.

Машиностроительное предприятие

Северо-Западный ФО

В Петербурге и Ленинградской области сосредоточены крупнейшие машиностроительные заводы России. Местные судостроительные верфи занимают лидирующие позиции по строительству военных и гражданских судов. Среди отечественных флагманов гигантскими размерами цехов (200 га в центре города) выделяется Кировский тракторный завод, главным доходом которого стала аренда площадей, а не выпуск профильной продукции. По соседству, во Всеволожске, действует крупный завод «Форд». Еще одним машиностроительным центром региона является город Северодвинск, где строят подводные лодки.

  • «Севмаш» (25000 чел., Северодвинск) – строительство подводных лодок.
  • Судостроительные заводы Петербурга: «Адмиралтейские верфи» (первое предприятие города, 8000 чел.), «Балтийский завод» (4000 чел.), «Северная верфь» (3500 чел.), «Средне-Невский» (ок. 1000 чел.).
  • Производство оборудования для энергетики: Ленинградский металлический завод (в 2017 году отмечает 160-летие, выпускает турбины), «Электросила» (генераторы), «Ижорские заводы» (оборудование для АЭС, экскаваторы).
  • Автопредприятия Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, MAN, Scania.
  • ЛОМО (Петербург) – оптические приборы.
  • Кировский тракторный завод (8000 чел.) – производство тракторов «Кировец», различного оборудования.

Южный ФО

Главной движущей силой машиностроения в регионе является производство сельхозтехники и оборудования для энергетики. Крупный производитель автомобилей ТагАЗ и Волгоградский тракторный завод признаны банкротами.

  • Машиностроительное предприятие «Ростсельмаш» (10000 чел., Ростов-на-Дону) – производство комбайнов «Дон» и другой сельхозтехники.
  • «Красный котельщик» (4400 чел., Таганрог) – крупный производитель котельного оборудования.
  • «Атоммаш» (Волгодонск) – ведущий поставщик оборудования для АЭС и ТЭЦ.
  • ПО «Баррикады» (3300 чел., Волгоград) – многопрофильное предприятие (артиллерия, ракетные комплексы, оборудование для АЭС и нефтегазовой сферы).

Приволжский ФО

В регионе действуют известные машиностроительные заводы России: АвтоВАЗ, ГАЗ, «Тяжмаш», КамАЗ, УАЗ, «Калашников» и другие. Номенклатура выпускаемой продукции обширна: от подшипников (1/4 отечественного рынка) до уникального оборудования для энергетики, от автомобилей до самолетов.

  • АвтоВАЗ (52000 чел., Тольятти) – флагман по числу производимых легковых автомобилей.
  • «Тяжмаш» (7000 чел., Сызрань) – оборудование для тяжелой промышленности.
  • Автомобильные заводы группы «ГАЗ»: Горьковский автомобильныйplant (small - and medium-duty trucks, military vehicles, passenger cars), "Pavlovsky bus" (GROOVE), Ulyanovsk motor plant and others.
  • KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) – leading manufacturer of domestic trucks.
  • Arms factories of Izhevsk: «Kalashnikov" (former “Izhmash" of the 4500 people), “Izhevsk mechanical factory" (7,000 persons).
  • Aviation Industry of Bashkortostan: Ufa engine industrial Association (21000 people, UFA) – aircraft engines, UMPO (Ufa) – Aviapribor, Kumertau aviation production enterprise (Kumertau) – production and repair of helicopters in the “SC”.
  • Perm motors (12000 people) – rocket and aircraft engines.
  • Motovilikhinskie Zavody (7,000 persons, Perm) – guns.
  • UAZ (Ulyanovsk) – SUVs and minivans.
  • “Aviastar-SP" (10,000 persons, Ulyanovsk) – the largest aircraft manufacturing plant (aircraft models “That”, “An”, “Il”).

large machine-building plants of Russia

Ural region

The Ural is not accidentally called heart of the industry of Russia. The presence of rich mineral deposits and strategic location were the prerequisites of placing large industrial enterprises, mainly related to processing of metals and the defense complex. The most powerful centers of machine building are Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil.

  • «Uralvagonzavod» (27000 people, Nizhny Tagil) – one of the leaders of domestic engineering. Produces a wide range of goods from freight cars to tanks. The branch «Uraltransmash" (Yekaterinburg) produce self-propelled artillery systems and trams.
  • “Uralmash" (14000 people, Ekaterinburg, Russia) – the leader in production of drilling, mining, metallurgical equipment.
  • Zeek (Ekaterinburg) – anti-aircraft missile complexes, municipal engineering.
  • Chelyabinsk tractor plant (13000 people) – tractors, road construction machinery, engines for them.
  • Automobile plant «Ural» (13500 people, Miass) – freight cars.
  • “Kurgan" (4800 people, Kurgan) – military equipment (infantry fighting vehicles, tractors).
  • Zlatoust machine-building plant – rocket technology.

Zlatoust machine-building

Siberian Federal district

The Engineering production is focused on the military industrial complex, aircraft building and production of equipment for mining. Many enterprises are bankrupt or close to it. Industry in this region is in need of modernization and support.

  • Aerospace companies: NAPO. V. P. Chkalov (6000 pers., Novosibirsk) – production of aircraft company “Dry”; IN “Mission” (4500 people, Omsk) - the Antonov aircraft, satellites, system «GLONASS" aerospace technology; Ulan-Ude aviation plant (6000 people) – one of the largest producers of aircraft: helicopters brand "Mi" and the planes of the “su”; Irkutsk aviation plant – planes “su”, “the Yak", ‘MS’, components for Airbus; "Information satellite systems" (8000 pers., Zheleznogorsk) – various satellites and communication systems.
  • ‘Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) – leading manufacturer of hydraulic presses, machine tools, pumps.
  • Radio plant them. A. S. Popov (Omsk) – radio engineering and communications system.
  • “Altaivagon" (7,000 persons, Novoaltaysk) – production of cars.
  • Machine-building enterprise car and Loco repair plant (6000 pers., Ulan-Ude) – production and repair of locomotives and trains.

mechanical engineering of Russian

The far Eastern Federal district

Represented large enterprises:

  • Knaaz them. Gagarin (13,500 people., Komsomolsk-on-Amur) – leading airline of the country. Military issued (the family of “su”, “PAK-FA") and civil (Sukhoi Superjet) aircraft, components for «Boeing».
  • Shipbuilding and ship repair: Amur shipbuilding plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) – previously released a nuclear submarine, military and civil court; "dal" (Vladivostok); Primorskiy Zavod (Nakhodka), Nakhodka shipyard.

Conclusion

Russian engineering is going through hard times. Despite the relatively strong industrial capacity, most of the flagships have reduced production, many openly survive. The industry urgently needs reform, modernization of machinery and equipment, new approach to management. Meanwhile, the construction of new effective enterprises, mainly medium and small. Second wind got the plants for the production of military products. Great interest of foreign partners, especially the automakers. In the comprehensive state support and private initiative engineering can make a much greater contribution to the country's economy.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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