Catalyst: what is it? Why you need a catalyst on the car?

There is in modern cars is one detail that many years is a cause of very heated battles of motorists. But in this debate it is difficult to understand the arguments of each side. One part of motorists “for”, and other “against”. Detail this – the catalyst. Why you need a catalyst, what is important it performs in car design, why argue about it forever? Will try to figure this out.

Catalytic Converter

This item is featured by simple construction, however, the role that it plays in the car, a very large and serious. Operation of any internal combustion engine emits many different and very hazardous substances (all substances and toxic gases through output path of the vehicle are released directly into the atmosphere). The Converter can significantly reduce the level of toxic emissions, thus improving environmental situation.

So, with the help of special chemical reactions, particularly toxic substances, not the best way affects the state of the atmosphere, are transformed into less toxic gases which are then removed through the exhaust pipe.

In the exhaust system except the Converter also employs oxygen sensors. They control the quality of the combustible mixture and affect the performance of the catalytic Converter. You can find this device in the exhaust tract between the exhaust muffler and the engine. The device is additionally protected by a metal screen because when the device is heated. See how looks a catalyst – a photo of it posted below.

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History

In the 60-ies in the government of all developed countries drew attention to the level of ecology and preoccupied by the amount of emissions from tailpipes of many vehicles. And I must say that the law then the levels of emissions are not regulated.

In 1970 were taken by the very first standards that are brought to the attention of the leadership of automotive companies. These standards were presented a list of guidelines for content and quantity in the exhaust of toxic gases with hazardous substances.

This standard indicated that the new cars have used the catalyst, that such a device will significantly reduce the volume of carbon monoxide and combustion products of hydrocarbons.

Since 1975, the catalysts began to equip all their cars. This item has become a must.

Construction and principle of operation

Often set this device after the output pipe of the engine or it can be mounted directly on the exhaust manifold flange.

The apparatus Consists of a special block-carrier, a metal case and insulating materials.

The Media consists of many cells, like honeycombs. He performs virtually all the work. These combs have a special coating – the staff. Interestingly, the detail begins to work immediately, but only after the temperature in the exhaust tract will rise to 200-300 degrees.

Zajigaet Catalyst the carbon monoxide contained in fuel combustion products and hydrocarbons. There are also other substances that will neutralize the catalyst. What are these substances? Is NOx. The gas is very toxic and harmful. It destroys mucous membranes of humans.

Cell-converters are covered with a very thin film on the basis of a unique platinum-iridium alloy. Those residues of toxic substances that are not burned in the engine, when touching a hot surface small cells instantly burn out. For this process the catalyst takes the rest of the oxygen that remains in the already established toxic gas. The result of this part of the exhaust pipe go for non-toxic substances.

Types

The ink Cartridges of the catalyst can be made of ceramic materials or of metal. Motorists are more common and popular ceramics. They are perfect to withstand high temperatures and are not affected by corrosion. Among the advantages - a low price on such a catalyst (a substance, such as ceramics, has a low cost, experts know).

Have a ceramic catalyst and cons. It is his fragility. The detail is absolutely unstable to different kinds of mechanical damage, and since the device is located under the bottom of the machine, there is a considerable probability of meeting appliance to the curb, a stone, anything. Then the item will break. Counterparts made of metal are much stronger, but their price is very high because of the platinum alloy. For example, the catalyst Vase in case of breakage is not repaired, and a new many do not buy because of high cost.

Catalysts on different brands of cars

A Car depending on its manufacturer can vary considerably. The same applies to converters. They are also different from model to model. We consider the most popular brands of cars.

Vases

The Catalyst on the Vases is no different. They are all metal, often fail due to various injuries. To find the device in the car under the bottom, near the exhaust pipe of the engine. Often in the event of failure of the fixation of the catalyst impossible.