Diagnosing car battery. Maintenance and restoration of automotive batteries

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2020-01-11 11:20:20

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One of the common problems of Russian car owners in the winter time - the car's battery. The options can be many, but the verdict is always the same. The battery should be to diagnose and decide what you can do with him. There is already more options. The device can be simply exchanged for new, but you can return it to a healthy state.

In this article, we will discuss options for the diagnosis of batteries, methods of return "to life" and how all this can be done by hand. Also consider an overview of the structure and operation of battery and types of their execution.

General information

To best determine the cause of the malfunction needs knowledge of the device's battery and how it works. In any battery there are 6 pairs of oppositely charged plates. The so-called galvanic couple can accumulate electrical charge, and to give it away. When starting the vehicle is the peak discharge required to operate the starter. At subzero temperatures, the startup process - the main test for the battery.

During the movement of the vehicle on-Board network is powered by a generator, and any excess going to the battery. With all the good elements of the process of charge-discharge operates in the optimal mode. But with increased load, when the headlamps are on high beam, working heater and wipers, power from the generator may not be enough. In this case, the battery is discharged. Diagnostics of the car battery in any way necessary. About her options a little later.

And how many amps in a car battery? For features battery important information about how many amp/hours it will work. This figure varies from 50 to 100. And that's exactly the number of amps issued by the battery will depend on the load resistance.

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Design

The nominal battery voltage, as you know, 12 volts. This corresponds to 2 volts on each of 6 galvanic couples connected in series. Between a pair of oppositely charged plates separated by an insulating partition. Diagram of a car battery is shown below.

diagram of a car battery

The battery is structurally executed in the form of a parallelepiped, in which are arranged blocks of plates filled with electrolyte. Upper part consists of a cap derived from the “plus” and “negative” contacts. Depending on the battery lid can be access possibilities add distilled water or electrolyte correction.

For trucks with a power supply onboard power supply to 24 volts, provided the installation of 2 batteries of 12 volts. The starting current is significant and the capacity of the battery differ significantly from counterparts for passenger cars. Hence, the increased size of the products. Battery selection for cars implies the knowledge of the required characteristics of a battery for the vehicle.

Options for the diagnosis of the battery

Diagnosis of the vehicle battery is possible in several ways. Something you can do with your hands, not even stopping at the service. So, take a closer look. Troubleshooting a battery can be divided into several stages:

  • Check electrolyte level in each block or, on the “Bank”;
  • Check the density of the electrolyte;
  • Determination of the level of electric charge.

diagnosis and repair of batteries

The Third stage can be done in various ways, or rather, using different diagnostic equipment.

Check electrolyte level

Check the car battery starts with inspection of the electrolyte level. This is done in a simple, visual way. First, open access to the inner part with the plates. Different batteries it is implemented in various ways. Most often in the top cap is removed the special plug that can be shared for all 6 "cans" and can - separate. Visually, the electrolyte should completely cover the plates the battery. To determine the exact level, you can also use a simple glass tube. The tube is lowered into the battery, then the top hole pressed with your finger and it goes out. Here the level can be easily measured with a ruler.

Normal is the column of electrolyte above the plates 12-15 mm. If the liquid is less, it should be added. But if the electrolyte level is above 15 mm, that's too bad. The excess will need to remove the syringe or the same “scan” with a glass rod. What to do if there are maintenance free batteries? Fault diagnosis in such cases is limited to the testers.

Check electrolyte density

To check the density of the electrolyte using a hydrometer. This is a special device for determining the density. It is a glass flask with a pear at one end and a tip with the other. Inside there is a moveable level. Measurement of electrolyte takes place in the following way. The tip of the hydrometer is immersed in the battery and with the help of pear dial the electrolyte in a flask. Depending on the density level of the hydrometer is unequivocal way. Normal densityelectrolyte ranges from 1.24 to 1.29 g/cm3. Here, the maximum density corresponds to the winter period, and the minimum year.

check car battery

Any diagnostics of the vehicle's battery starts with a visual inspection. The density of the electrolyte externally can also be assessed. If the fluid color dark or red tones, then most likely the battery plates began to crumble - such a device can not be restored. The electrolyte should be transparent.

The Definition of battery level

To Determine the level of charge of the battery in several ways. Depending on your equipment there are the following checks:

  • With a multimeter;
  • Load-through plugs;
  • With the help of special equipment.

The easiest and Most accessible of them - the use of a multimeter or voltmeter. Measurements must be made disconnected from the vehicle battery and at least an hour after car was jammed. It is important for greater accuracy. The nominal voltage level on the proper battery to 12.5-13 volts. The upper value corresponds to fully charged, and the lower - half charged.

how much amperes battery

To determine the voltage under load the battery again and connected to the vehicle tested on a running car. The voltage level should not be below 13.5 volts. The scatter of the measurements should lie in the range of 13.5-14 volts. If the voltage on the voltmeter is less than 13.5, you should think about the health of the alternator of the car.

Using load plugs

Diagnosis of the battery with the load of a fork - quite a simple exercise, takes the least time. For greater accuracy measurement is better done on is disabled or removed from the car battery. First measure the nominal voltage level, and then give the load for 5 seconds. During this time, the voltage naturally decreases. A good indicator is the decrease parameter to 10 volts. If after 5 seconds under load the battery shows less than 10 volts, there is an obvious fault.

A Variety of diagnostic equipment

In addition to standard testers and load forks, for battery there are a variety of devices for diagnostics of batteries. Besides the functions of a multimeter, such devices measure inrush current for a cold motor, the capacity of each individual "banks" of garagemate battery and allow to diagnose the whole system of engine start-up. Such diagnostic devices include the tester MICRO-768A. The product is convenient to operate and carry in a compact case.

diagnosis of the vehicle's battery

Causes of damage of the battery

There are not many reasons when the vehicle battery requires special treatment or even replacement. How to make a diagnosis of the battery quickly and efficiently? First you need to allocate external damage and internal problems. The external factors may include physical damage to the hull, as well as the strong oxidation of the external contacts. First treated plastic patches or full replacement of the product. Contacts just cleaned up with fine emery paper, and then lubricated with contact grease.

battery Troubleshooting

The Internal problems of the battery can also be of a different nature. Among the most known problems:

  • Sulfation;
  • - circuit plate
  • Sloughing of plates;
  • Boiling of the electrolyte;
  • Drop the density of the electrolyte.

The Last item in extreme cold can lead to complete failure of the whole product. This occurs due to freezing of the electrolyte low density and damage "cans" of the battery due to the expansion of the freezing of the whole.

Methods of restore batteries

There are several options when you restore a car battery. The easiest option available to anyone who has an ordinary charger, it's several cycles of charge-discharge. Important points in this case is as follows:

  • Before charging it is necessary to check the electrolyte level in the battery and when lack of distilled water;
  • Exercises should start with a small current, approximately 1-2A;
  • To discharge a battery you can use an ordinary incandescent lamp, but this is not to prevent discharge less than 10.5 A.

The Good results are a special charger with pulse mode and function of desulfuratsii. Diagnose and repair batteries, in this case the most simple. Connected to the device, and after some time took the finished result. Everything works in automatic mode. If that doesn't help - it remains the option to replace the battery. Do not forget about the battery selection for cars.

The Disadvantage of this recovery, only one - the cost of pulse charger. The market price of a good desulfator starts from 10 thousand rubles. That is, the purchase of a new battery is much cheaper.

Using a special solution

Much more complicated “treat” battery, if short-circuited plates. Diagnosisthe car battery certainly could be wrong. However, if a short circuit has occurred, in some cases, helping simple washing. Because close could from the sediment on the bottom “banks’. Lavage of the battery is carried out as distilled water or special solutions, such as solution of Trilon B. by the Way, with the help of it you can also desulfate a battery. This is done as follows:

  • Using the Spitz degassed electrolyte;
  • Filled with Trilon B, so that the plate was completely covered;
  • Battery is left for about an hour, it is quite a violent reaction boiling and dissolve all the sulphates;
  • With a syringe all drained and washed several times with distilled water ;
  • After washing into the battery is filled with electrolyte and ready charges.

how to make a diagnosis of the battery

Among the disadvantages of such washing - the threat of destruction of the plates from old batteries. And when washing you can also easily close between the plate pieces of lead. Accuracy in work with batteries must be very high.

For lovers of experiments

For normal serviceable battery, there are more extreme methods of recovery. For example, to clear plates from sulfates is easy to clean by removing each plate. This should be done very carefully due to the high brittleness of the products. If the top cover does not imply such an approach, applied brute force and tools. The main thing - that after such a process of withdrawal of all records of the hole to close up before getting the old seal.

If the “Bank” a battery is present a black precipitate or visible pieces of lead with a chipped plate, this battery is better not to recover, and immediately replace with a new one.

Fault Prevention

Many of the problems arising in the process of operation of batteries are solved at the stage of maintenance and prevention. Simply following a few rules will extend the battery operation and will provide answers to many future questions. In the first place is to regularly check the level and density of electrolyte. In the case of shortage you need to add distilled water, and in case of insufficient density put the battery on charge. In extreme cold, the density of the battery should be maintained at a level of 1.4 g/cm3. And if you are not sure of good consistency, it is better to remove and put battery in warm room.


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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/a-tamab-l/38257-dyyagnostyka-akumulyatara-a-tamab-lya-abslugo-vanne-adna-lenne-a-tamab.html

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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