How does a diesel injector?

As you know, for the operation of the internal combustion engine needs oxygen and fuel in a certain ratio. The process of fuel supply is different for petrol and diesel vehicles. In the latter case, the role of injection performed injector. Diesel engines are equipped with different types of data elements. In today's article we consider what are these injectors, what types are and whether they are amenable to repair.

Characteristics

Let's start with a definition. Injector of diesel engines – is an element of the power system that keeps the fuel in the combustion chamber of the cylinder. The mechanism produces a flare, the spray of the mixture in newportnews volume. Also nozzles produce diesel fuel dosage. In the process, element can be opened and closed thousands of times per minute.

Types

There are several types of these mechanisms:

• Electro-hydraulic.
• Piezoelectric.

How to work and arranged these elements in a diesel engine? Below we consider the features of each of them.

Electrohydraulic

These injection nozzles for diesel engines installed on vehicles with injection-type "common rail". The device of this mechanism implies the existence of such elements:

• Camera controls.
• Drain and intake throttle.
• Solenoid.

How to operate electro-hydraulic diesel nozzle? Their algorithm is based on the use of the fuel pressure during the injection and termination thereof. So, in the initial state, the nozzle valve is closed and de-energized. A needle mechanism is held tightly to the saddle under the pressure of the fuel. In this position, the injection of fuel is not carried out in the cylinders. Nozzle is Controlled from the electronics. A special control unit generates a signal which is sent to the solenoid valve. At this time, open the drain inductor of the atomizer. The fuel flows through it and falls on the drain line. The intake throttle block quick equalization of pressure in the intake trunk and the control chamber. Next, the needle is raised against the seat and fuel enters the chamber. Then from the pressure it ignites, and is stroke. Itself nozzle returns to its original position. Then the cycle of operation of the mechanism is repeated.

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Piezoelectric

These jets have a more advanced design. The main advantage of piezo injectors is their speed of response. Solenoid valve mechanism operates four times faster than the hydraulic counterparts. This gives the ability to produce multiple injection of fuel per cycle. Platformance is installed on the system “common rail" of the new generation. This mechanism is based on changing the length of the piezoelectric crystal at a certain voltage. In the design of piezoelectric injectors included:

• Pusher.
• Needle.
• Switching valve.
• The Element.

All of this is housed in a small package. The principle of operation element based on the use of hydraulics. As in the previous case, the needle planted on the saddle due to the pressure of the fuel. But once the movement signal is applied, increasing the length of the piezoelectric element. So is the opening of the switching valve. Diesel fuel gets into the drain line. The Needle due to the high pressure that had formed at the bottom rises. So is fuel injection. The cycles of compression, stroke and release the same. But the amount of diesel that is injected, is determined by the pressure of fuel in the fuel rail and exposure duration to the piezoelectric element.

Renovation

The Main elements coming out of the system, is:

• Multiplier. Is a core element of ‘boshevski" of the injectors. Consists of a rod and saddle. The last item wears out and breaks. Also produce and stock. And if the saddle restaurerede, the repair of diesel injector with a broken stock is not possible. This detail can not be restored. In this case, the multiplier must be replaced.
• Spray bottle. Manufacturer ‘Bosch’ guarantees trouble-free operation within one hundred thousand kilometers. But in our case, the atomizer takes care of a lot less. He begins to jam or to pour fuel into the cylinder. How to solve this issue? In most cases helps cleaning diesel injectors by ultrasound (as they are on our dirty fuel). But if this surgery didn't work, the atomizer is changed to a new one.

Repair of diesel injectors may not need your car. Enough to make the correct adjustment. But first check the diesel injectors on specialized equipment. The essence of the adjustment is simple. It is the setting of the stroke of the electromagnetic valve and ball. The clearance is adjusted with shims. Depending on the type of the injector, move the ball element may be from 0.025 to 0.07 mm.After this exposed valve stroke. It should be noted that these operations are performed at specialized service stations. At home to perform such an operation impossible.

Conclusion

Atomizer – an important element of any diesel car. His health depends the whole engine. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and if necessary repair of diesel injectors. However, the device of this mechanism does not allow to produce similar works independently.