Intel HD Graphics: device characteristic

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2018-03-22 11:01:24

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A Family of integrated chip Intel HD Graphics is a great replacement discrete, that is running as a separate module for the graphics card. Particularly relevant to use the embedded GPU will be for different notebooks and netbooks. The advantages of such solutions include better battery performance and less heating of the interior space of the mobile PC.

Family of GPUs

Intel HD graphics

Intel HD Graphics Family includes several generations.

  1. Intel HD — installed on the processor family the Pentium G and the first generation iCore 3/5/7. Is the code name Nehalem/Lynnfield. That graphics card is very limited. So if the laptop will be used for graphics work and multimedia entertainment (watching movies in HD quality, games), this chip will not be the best solution.
  2. Intel HD 2000/3000. The second generation of integrated GPUs of Intel Corporation is installed in the iCore 3/5/7 processors of the second generation. Is codenamed Sandy Bridge. Today is almost never used in the new models of laptops, but still is a significant player in the market.
  3. Intel HD 2500/4000. The third generation integrated videologic, at the moment it is the most massive representative of the mobile market. These cards are part of the iCore processors of the third generation. This Videologia is codenamed Ivy Bridge. Performance it is close to the cards Radeon HD 65хх.
  4. The Latest generation of Intel HD Graphics, codenamed Haswell. Is part of the new iCore processors of the 4th generation. The basic model of this generation - 4600. It has two abridged versions - 4200 and the 4400. The most powerful is the card of 5100 and 5200. In terms of performance the latest model card Intel HD 5200 is ahead of most discrete mid-range graphics cards.

Intel HD 3rd and 4th generations allows you to fully enjoy the quality movies with a resolution of up to 4K. Also, this graphics card can easily cope with the loads of video games the last 2-3 years. As the first generation of processors and integrated videologic is already a bit outdated, we omit it from the review cards Intel (R) HD Graphics. Go ahead.intel hd graphics 4000

The Second generation of GPUs

Today, Videologia Intel HD Graphics 3000 is used more frequently. It is the perfect solution for mobile PCs of the lower price level. This solution makes it comfortable enough to watch movies in high quality and sometimes even enjoy the pleasures of video games released in 2011-2012. However, when you consider that the budget laptops and netbooks are bought not with the purpose of multimedia entertainment, then everything falls into place. The maximum resolution supported by the card is 2560 x 1600 pixels. In addition, this generation of videologic supports HDMI output. In order to optimize the performance of this interface, it is advisable to have installed the latest Intel HD Graphics driver.

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As mentioned above, a family of graphics cores of the second generation is represented by two models. It is Intel HD Graphics 2000 and 3000. Despite the fact that they're both manufactured on the same process technology, the productivity of the cards may differ in two times. This is due to the fact that the Junior model has lower CPU, besides, it is equipped with six actuators (against 12 of the older version of the map).

Due to this differentiation is achieved, a clear market segmentation. Thus, the user can get a laptop with dual - or Quad-core processor and a full graphics core HD 3000 graphics or stripped-down HD 2000. Naturally, this is reflected in the cost of production.

Third generation

Videologic Intel HD Graphics 4000 in 2012. It is made on the basis of 22-nm technological process. The peak performance of the chip is 200 gigaflops. At the same time, the previous generation of graphics cards from Intel performed on 32-nm process, and the performance was exactly in 2 times less.

The Integrated graphics allows you to use all the features of DirectX 11 and OpenGL 3.3. According to the assurances of developers and multiple tests, card Intel HD 4000 enables you to enjoy movies with high resolution. In addition, videologic gives an opportunity to feel comfortable in most modern games. Of course, it should be understood that some of them will require lower resolutions and lower quality settings.

What to do if the game does not work correctly or have any artifacts in the image? To resolve this problem, on the site of the manufacturer must be found for the Intel HD Graphics 4000 driver, download and install it. This advice may seem trivial, but actually it helps. The fact that engineers try to regularly update the drivers for their products and to improve compatibility with the latest applications.

If you compare the graphics performance with the previous generation increased by 30%. Additionally you can get power gains through the use of a faster i7 processor and more RAM.

The Fourth generation of videologic

Intel HD graphics 4600

To date, the Intel HD graphics cardGraphics installed almost half of the laptops. This is a result of great marketing moves of the Corporation, and the right approach to integration. With each new generation videologic becomes more and more perfect, which enables it to compete on equal terms with discrete cards average price level.

The Release of the latest chip generation significantly affected the sales of graphics cards from other manufacturers. It makes no sense to pay extra money for something that might work “out of the box”. Just a few years ago the performance of the integrated video drawing little interest. After all, everyone knew that these chips, like Intel HD, only need to work office applications, viewing photos and movies low resolution. However, after the release of iCore processors of the third generation of GPUs and Intel HD Graphics 4000, the situation began to change dramatically.

Budget video card has become a real competitor for the manufacturers of discrete chips. And these are not empty words, just look at the fall of the dynamics of sales of cards from AMD and nVIDIA. In addition, AMD was forced to abandon the production budget graphics Radeon HD 70хх because of its lack of competitiveness.Intel HD graphics 3000

Description

Intel HD Graphics 4600 is the evolution of the integrated chip. Due to the fact that in 2010, Intel refused at the time of the classical scheme of the separation of vertex and pixel pipelines and moved to a unified Shader architecture, it has achieved regular modernization of its own videologic. Each year the company improves the process of making chips that have a positive impact on the number of execution units and, as a result of performance.

Intel HD 4600 installed 20 Executive units, which allows on equal footing to compete with chips from AMD and nVIDIA. For comparison, the previous model HD 4000 had 16 units and the HD 3000 only 12. Thus, even if you take the chip HD 4000 and HD 4600 with the same frequency of a kernel, the computational power of the latter will be 25% larger. In addition to the number of execution units was increased and the frequency of the graphics core. Now it is 1250 MHz vs 1150 MHz of the previous generation. A distinctive feature of the CPUs and the Haswell videologic became reduced power consumption in idle mode.

New graphics allows Intel to support the OpenGL 4.0 and DirectX 11.1 (Shader fifth version). Other features of the chip include full screen anti-aliasing, HDR and a number of other technologies that can improve the resulting image. It should be mentioned that, as the core of the previous generation, the HD 4600 can simultaneously work with three monitors.

Theoretical performance calculations

Knowing about the features of the integrated graphics of different generations, you can proceed to compare their performance. For greater objectivity in the test will attend a budget discrete card GeForce GT 630. Performance of cores at peak load is:

  • HD 4600 – 400 gigaflops;
  • GT 630 – 311 gigaflops;
  • HD 4000 – 294 gigaflops;
  • HD 3000 – 194 gigaflops.

As you can see, already at this stage, a discrete card is inferior to the latest generation of integrated graphics. However, you cannot ignore such a performance parameter, such as the speed of the rendered scene. According to this index discrete graphics in better times integrated solutions:

  • GT 630 – 13 Mteks/with;
  • HD 4600 – 5 Mteks/with;
  • HD 4000 – 4,6 Mteks/with;
  • HD 3000 – 1,35 Mteks/S.

The speed of rasterization GeForce also shows the best results:

  • GT 630 – of 3.2 m/s;
  • HD 4600 – 2,5 m/s;
  • HD 4000 – 2,3 m/s;
  • HD 3000 – Of 1.35 m/s.

At the moment, we will not affect the memory bandwidth as the Intel HD Graphics cores features of this indicator depends on the CPU load.

Tests integrated graphics

Well, let's move from theoretical foundations to practical tests. First compare the performance of three generations of chips from Intel. HD graphics 3000 is tested using the Core i7-2700K, HD 4000 — i7-3770K, HD 4600-i7-4770K. At maximum load the graphics core frequency was 1350, 1150, and 1250 MHz respectively.

Validation is carried out with the minimum graphics settings of video games and the resolution is 1920 x 1080. While filters like anti-aliasing and anisotropic filtering are disabled. The application 3DMark for the performance test was run with the default settings. Since the HD 3000 doesn't support DirectX 11, the other GPUs are tested without its inclusion.

Cloud Gate Test package 3DMark showed the following results of tests:

  • HD 3000-3221 points;
  • HD 4000 – 5795 points;
  • HD 4600 – 8253 points.

Test Unigine Heaven also demonstrates the significant performance of the chips of the last generation:

  • HD 3000 – 213 points;
  • HD 4000 – 327 points;
  • HD 4600 – 446 points.

Performance

Intel HD graphics familyThis is done with synthetic tests and move on to comparing card performance in gaming applications. In the game Crysis 2 map HD 4600 faster than its predecessor by almost half (to 11.5 points, compared to 7.7). HD 3000 was only 5 points.

F1 2011 is not so sensitive to the performance of GPUs. Due to this, the HD 4600 is ahead of HD 4000 only 28 percent. Noteworthy is the fact that the game is excellent even for the HD graphics 3000, which should please owners of older laptops.

Applications with high quality graphics like Metro 2033 and Tomb Raider, which allow completenormally play on medium or low settings in DirectX 10 mode on the card HD 4600. Unfortunately, the older chips don't give the chance normal to feel in the game, as the number of frames per second, noticeable sags, and the picture becomes like a slide show.

As a result of all of the tests we can say that the next stage of development of the integrated graphics on processors Haswell is a real step forward. Especially the fact that even in games of 2013-2014 fails to achieve acceptable results. That is, even a budget laptop will allow you to fully enjoy the quality of multimedia entertainment.

Comparison of integrated and discrete cards

Intel HD graphics 4400

Now from the test of integrated chips will move on to compare the Intel HD 4600 and GeForce GT 630. As seen from the figures above, the solution from Intel is a good indicator of peak performance. Although at the same time, this chip is inferior in memory capacity and speed of rasterization.

First, let's check our maps on the synthetic benchmarks 3DMark and Unigine Heaven. The comparison is carried out with maximum graphics settings at Full HD resolution and DirectX 11. The result was the following test results:

1. 3DMark:

  • HD 4600 — 980 b.;
  • GT 630 — 919 b.

2. 3DMark 11:

  • HD 4600 — 361 b.;
  • GT 630 — 360 b.

3. Heaven 3.0:

  • HD 4600 — 344 b.;
  • GT 630 — 320 b.

As you can see, chip HD 4600 on an equal fighting with a discrete card, which has advantages in the number of ROP units, the speed of processing textures and pixels. But unfortunately, in gaming applications, things are even a little bit, but still worse. In games such as Battlefield 3, Crysis-2, F1-2011 lag HD 4600 is somewhere between 5-20%. In the game Metro-2033 integrated graphics lagged behind the GeForce GT 630 is more than half. But in games like DiRT Showdown and Tomb Raider, the card from Intel got the result by 12 and 22% better, respectively.

Results

A New integrated core from Intel is a notable step forward in the development of such technologies. Modern GPUs can easily bypass all the indicators of the performance of its previous generation — the average gap from the HD 4000 is 40%. But what about discrete graphics? Then it's safe to say that if the laptop is not used only for games, it is much better to refuse to buy the mainstream video cards, as the integrated core allows you to completely replace it. Besides do not forget about power consumption. Top-end Core i7 processor with integrated graphics consumes only 84 Watts, while the discrete card is the GT 630 on the basis of a simple dual core CPU will initially consume 130 Watts of energy. As a result, this will result in a lower stock battery and overheating of internal components.

Therefore, buying a new laptop, forget about a cheap discrete graphics cards, even if they belong to the last generation. In reality, they will not be able to provide the increase in productivity that could justify such a purchase. Especially that Intel HD Graphics 4600 can easily satisfy the needs of the modern user.

In this paper, for testing we used top-end Core i7 processor, but today we can purchase more affordable for the average user of the model i5 and i3. As in the case with the previous generation, the new GPU is a cut-down model - Intel HD Graphics 4400. Despite the smaller number of units of execution, it still is ahead of his record cards of the 3rd generation. Well, fans of ultrabooks and expensive laptops much more fortunate, because the Haswell series processors can be equipped with a more powerful graphics core HD 5100/5200, which has 40 execution units, twice more than the HD 4600.intel hd graphics driver

About performance

As mentioned above, integrated GPUs use RAM equal CPU. Therefore, if you install in the laptop is powerful enough crystal of the last generation, but limit it to just several GB of slow memory, the performance results of this configuration might be very upset. Memory is a bottleneck for videologic, and therefore, to achieve good results it is recommended to use its latest design with high frequency and low latency.

Another nuance that significantly affect the performance of not only video, but also computer in General, is overheating. If you exceed a certain degree the GPU and CPU show poor results in various benchmarks and real applications. It is therefore recommended to carry out regular cleaning of coolers and interior of your mobile PC from dust. The result will not keep itself waiting long.

It is Also important to understand that the quality of the graphics will depend on processor. The fact is that with increasing load on the core chip gets lower priority in the packet transmission, thus, it affects the image quality. Therefore, the results of tests for comparison of budget and top-end processors and the same videologic will not be in favor of the former. Thus, the choice of the "heart" of the laptop directly affect the capabilities of the GPU.

And the last tip for today. For Intel HD Graphics driver you must install the latest. Even if you purchased your laptop already fully configured to work not be lazy to visitofficial website of the manufacturer and download the most recent version.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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